Sigma-1 Receptor in Retina: Neuroprotective Effects and Potential Mechanisms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Expression and Molecular Interactions of Sigma-1 Receptor in Retina
2.1. Expression of Sigma-1 Receptor in Retinal Neurons
2.2. Molecular Interaction of Sigma-1 Receptor in Retina
3. Relevant Signaling Pathways of Sigma-1 Receptor in Retina
3.1. Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
3.2. MAPK Signaling Pathway
3.3. Other Related Signaling Pathways
4. Neuroprotective Effects of Sigma-1 Receptor
4.1. Suppression of Oxidative Stress
4.2. Alleviation of Pathological Autophagy
4.3. Reduction of Cell Apoptosis
4.4. Anti-Inflammation
5. The Sigma-1 Receptor-Associated Diseases
5.1. Diseases in Retina
5.2. Other Diseases
6. Conclusions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ligand | Activity | In Virto/In Vivo | Function | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
(+)-PTZ | Agonist | rMC-1, RGC |
| [38,48,49,54,81,95,100,101] |
SA4503 | Agonist | 661W, Retina |
| [36,57,59,75] |
Neuroactive steroids | Agonist | Retina |
| [54,93,94,95] |
PRE-084 | Agonist | 661W, Retina |
| [75,89,94] |
(+) SKF10047 | Agonist | RGC-5, Retina |
| [60,62,63,64] |
(−)-MR22 | Agonist | Retina |
| [98] |
BD-1047 | Antagonist | RGC |
| [36,89] |
NE-100 | Antagonist | APRE-19 |
| [98] |
BD-1063 | Antagonist | Microglia |
| [67] |
Disorders | Study Model | Reference |
---|---|---|
Retinal degenerative diseases | ||
Glaucoma | Cultured primary retinal ganglion cell SigR−/− mice Ischemia-reperfusion injury animal NMDA-induced animal model | [38,39,43,44,45,52,54,61,67,91,92,94,96,99,100] |
Retinitis pigmentosa | 661W cell line, Wild type mice, Rd10 mice, Rd10/SigR−/− mice | [35,36,37,41,68,75,81,96,101,130,131] |
Diabetic retinopathy | Cultured primary retinal ganglion cell Ins2Akita/+, Ins2Akita/+ /Sig1R−/− and streptozotocin induced Diabetic retinopathy mice model | [38,39,47,48,108,132] |
Neurodegenerative diseases | ||
Huntington disease | Mutant Huntingtin transfected mice, SigR−/− mice | [133] |
Alzheimer’s disease | Mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease AD patients | [134,135,136] |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | Mouse model of ALS disease Motor neuron-like cell line model (NSC34) | [137,138,139] |
Parkinson’s disease | Parkinson’s disease patients MPTP-SigR−/− mice and MPTP-WT mice | [140,141,142] |
Addiction | ||
Alcohol addiction | WT and Sig-1R knockout mice | [143] |
Methamphetamine addiction | WT and Sig-1R knockout mice | [144,145,146] |
Cocaine addiction | HEK293T cell and WT mice | [147,148] |
Cancer | ||
Prostate cancer | LNCaP, VCap,22RV1, PC3, C4-2 and LAPC4 | [149] |
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | Human ESCC cell lines KYSE180, KYSE150, and EC109 | [150] |
Hilar cholangiocarcinoma | Tissues from hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients | [151] |
Others | ||
Peripheral neuropathic pain | Mouse model of osteoarthritis pain CFA-induced inflammatory model Chronic nerve constriction injury (CCI)model Acute and chronic oxaliplatin-induced peripheral pain | [152,153,154,155,156] |
Cardiovascular disease | Ovariectomized female rats | [157,158,159] |
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Xu, Z.; Lei, Y.; Qin, H.; Zhang, S.; Li, P.; Yao, K. Sigma-1 Receptor in Retina: Neuroprotective Effects and Potential Mechanisms. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 7572. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147572
Xu Z, Lei Y, Qin H, Zhang S, Li P, Yao K. Sigma-1 Receptor in Retina: Neuroprotective Effects and Potential Mechanisms. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(14):7572. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147572
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Zifen, Yushuang Lei, Huan Qin, Shiyao Zhang, Ping Li, and Kai Yao. 2022. "Sigma-1 Receptor in Retina: Neuroprotective Effects and Potential Mechanisms" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 14: 7572. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147572