Effect of Liver Fibrosis on Oral and Gut Microbiota in the Japanese General Population Determined by Evaluating the FibroScan–Aspartate Aminotransferase Score
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Participant Characteristics
2.2. Comparison of the Oral and Gut Microbiota and Liver Fibrosis
2.3. Correlation between FAST score, FIB-4 Index, Fatty Liver Index, and Gut Microbiota
2.4. Risk Factors for Liver Fibrosis Adjusted by Fatty Liver Index
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Participants
4.2. Transient Elastography
4.3. Clinical Parameters
4.4. FAST Score
4.5. Next-Generation Sequence Analysis of Oral and Gut Microbiota
4.6. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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FAST < 0.35 (n = 100) | FAST ≥ 0.35 (n = 25) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex (male/female) | 55:45 | 16:9 | 0.557 |
Age (years) | 58.0 (45.8–68.0) | 64.0 (44.0–68.0) | 0.765 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.3 (24.0–27.1) | 25.0 (24.1–25.6) | 0.412 |
AST (U/L) | 21.0 (17.0–25.0) | 46.0 (40.0–55.0) | <0.001 |
ALT (U/L) | 20.0 (15.8–26.0) | 63.0 (43.0–76.0) | <0.001 |
γGTP (U/L) | 26.0 (18.0–40.0) | 87.0 (53.0–116.0) | <0.001 |
HOMA-IR | 1.36 (1.06–2.10) | 2.13 (1.07–3.38) | 0.082 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 111.0 (66.5–173.8) | 114.0 (86.0–154.0) | 0.648 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 56.0 (47.0–64.0) | 57.0 (49.0–69.0) | 0.314 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 131.0 (110.0–144.3) | 125.0 (104.0–138.0) | 0.426 |
FAST score | 0.07 (0.04–0.14) | 0.47 (0.41–0.59) | <0.001 |
FIB-4 index | 0.94 (0.73–1.43) | 1.71 (0.97–1.96) | 0.001 |
Fatty liver index | 39.6 (21.0–58.1) | 56.1 (35.5–71.1) | 0.037 |
LS (kPa) | 4.75 (3.90–5.83) | 8.50 (5.80–11.0) | <0.001 |
CAP (dB/m) | 252.5 (219.8–291.3) | 298.0 (257.0–331.0) | 0.003 |
MAFLD (n) | 52 (52.0%) | 17 (68.0%) | 0.225 |
MASLD (n) | 37 (37.0%) | 16 (64.0%) | 0.027 |
Heavy alcohol drinker (n) | 7 (7.0%) | 4 (16.0%) | 0.305 |
Positive HBs antigen (n) | 2 (2.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000 |
Positive HCV antibody (n) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | - |
FAST Score | FIB-4 Index | Fatty Liver Index | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ρ | p-Value | ρ | p-Value | ρ | p-Value | |
Phylum | ||||||
Fusobacteria | 0.276 | 0.002 | 0.095 | 0.291 | 0.121 | 0.178 |
Class | ||||||
Fusobacteriia | 0.276 | 0.002 | 0.095 | 0.291 | 0.121 | 0.178 |
Order | ||||||
Fusobacteriales | 0.276 | 0.002 | 0.095 | 0.291 | 0.121 | 0.178 |
Family | ||||||
Fusobacteriaceae | 0.272 | 0.002 | 0.096 | 0.288 | 0.116 | 0.197 |
Genus | ||||||
Fusobacterium | 0.221 | 0.013 | 0.040 | 0.659 | 0.074 | 0.415 |
Faecalibacterium | −0.191 | 0.033 | 0.074 | 0.413 | −0.218 | 0.015 |
Fusicatenibacter | −0.160 | 0.074 | −0.113 | 0.208 | 0.063 | 0.485 |
OR | 95% CI | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Fusobacterium | 1.20 | 1.01 | 1.43 | 0.033 |
Faecalibacterium | 0.92 | 0.83 | 1.03 | 0.136 |
Fusicatenibacter | 0.77 | 0.61 | 0.98 | 0.032 |
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Sato, S.; Iino, C.; Chinda, D.; Sasada, T.; Tateda, T.; Kaizuka, M.; Nomiya, H.; Igarashi, G.; Sawada, K.; Mikami, T.; et al. Effect of Liver Fibrosis on Oral and Gut Microbiota in the Japanese General Population Determined by Evaluating the FibroScan–Aspartate Aminotransferase Score. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 13470. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713470
Sato S, Iino C, Chinda D, Sasada T, Tateda T, Kaizuka M, Nomiya H, Igarashi G, Sawada K, Mikami T, et al. Effect of Liver Fibrosis on Oral and Gut Microbiota in the Japanese General Population Determined by Evaluating the FibroScan–Aspartate Aminotransferase Score. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(17):13470. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713470
Chicago/Turabian StyleSato, Satoshi, Chikara Iino, Daisuke Chinda, Takafumi Sasada, Tetsuyuki Tateda, Masatoshi Kaizuka, Hiroki Nomiya, Go Igarashi, Kaori Sawada, Tatsuya Mikami, and et al. 2023. "Effect of Liver Fibrosis on Oral and Gut Microbiota in the Japanese General Population Determined by Evaluating the FibroScan–Aspartate Aminotransferase Score" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 17: 13470. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713470