Phylogenetic Analysis and Serological Investigation of Porcine Circovirus Indicates Frequent Infection with Various Subtypes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Lasting Widespread Distribution of PCV2 and PCV3 and Sporadic Prevalence of PCV4 Revealed in the Southwest of China
2.2. PCV2d and PCV3a as the Predominant Circulating Genotypes in the Southwest of China
2.3. High Seroprevalence of PCV2 as the Result of Both Vaccination and Natural Infection
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Serum and Tissue Samples Collection
4.2. Detection of PCVs and Sequencing of ORF2 Gene
4.3. Phylogenetic and Phylogeographic Analysis
4.4. Recombination Protein Expression and Purification
4.5. Western Blot Analysis
4.6. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Type | PCV2 Positive Rate Positive/Total (%) | PCV3 Positive Rate Positive/Total (%) | PCV4 Positive Rate Positive/Total (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Serum | 89/519 (17.15%) | 131/519 (25.24%) | 10/519 (1.93%) |
Tissue | 97/139 (69.78%) | 71/139 (51.08%) | 3/179 (2.16%) |
Total | 186/658 (28.27%) | 202/658 (30.70%) | 13/658 (1.98%) |
Year | PCV2 Positive Rate Positive/Total (%) | PCV3 Positive Rate Positive/Total (%) | PCV4 Positive Rate Positive/Total (%) |
---|---|---|---|
2019 | 9/55 (16.36%) | 28/55 (50.91%) | 0 |
2021 | 51/380 (13.42%) | 82/380 (21.58%) | 0 |
2022 | 114/223 (64.57%) | 116/223 (52.02%) | 13/223 (5.83%) |
Total | 186/658 (28.27%) | 202/658 (30.70%) | 13/658 (1.98%) |
Sequence No. | Proteins | % Amino Acid Sequence Similarity | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
1 | SW_LZ202101-PCV2a | |||||
2 | SW_CD202202-PCV2b | 89.05 | ||||
3 | SW_LZ202102-PCV2d | 90.05 | 97.51 | |||
4 | SW_CD202205-PCV3a | 23.47 | 23.47 | 23 | ||
5 | EC_FJ202204-PCV3b | 23.94 | 23.94 | 23.47 | 98.91 | |
6 | CC_MK986820_2019-PCV4 | 44.66 | 43.69 | 43.2 | 21.63 | 22.12 |
Primer | Sequences | Length (bp) |
---|---|---|
PCV2-cap-F | 5′-CAGACCCCGTTGGAATGG-3′ | 949 |
PCV2-cap-R | 5′-AATACTTACAGCGCACTTCTTTCG-3′ | |
PCV3-cap-F | 5′-CTTGTGTACAATTATTGCGTTGG-3′ | 883 |
PCV3-cap-R | 5′-AATACTAGCCCGGCACCA-3′ | |
p-PCV2a-F | 5′-aaaaaGCTAGCACACCGCTACCGTTGGAGAAG-3′ | 603 |
p-PCV2a-R | 5′-aaaaaTTAATTAATTAGGGTTTAAGTGGGGGG-3′ | |
p-PCV2b-F | 5′-aaaaaGCTAGCACACCGTTACCGCTGGAGAAG-3′ | |
p-PCV2b-R | 5′-aaaaaTTAATTAACTAAGGGTTAAGTGGGGGG-3′ | |
p-PCV2d-F | 5′-aaaaaGCTAGCACACCGTTACCGCTGGAGAAG-3′ | |
p-PCV2d-R | 5′-aaaaaTTAATTAATTAGGGTTTAAGTGGGGGG-3′ | |
p-PCV3a-F | 5′-aaaaaGCTAGCAACTGCTGGAACATATTA-3′ | 492 |
p-PCV3a-R | 5′-aaaaaTTAATTAATCATTCCAGTTTTTTCCGGGACAT-3′ | |
p-PCV3b-F | 5′-aaaaaGCTAGCAACAGCTGGCACATACTA-3′ | |
p-PCV3b-R | 5′-aaaaaTTAATTAATTAGAGAACGGACTTGTAGCGAAT-3′ |
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Peng, Q.; Shi, J.; Lang, Y.; Zhu, Y.; Huang, X.; Cao, S.; Yan, Q.; Zhao, S. Phylogenetic Analysis and Serological Investigation of Porcine Circovirus Indicates Frequent Infection with Various Subtypes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 15850. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115850
Peng Q, Shi J, Lang Y, Zhu Y, Huang X, Cao S, Yan Q, Zhao S. Phylogenetic Analysis and Serological Investigation of Porcine Circovirus Indicates Frequent Infection with Various Subtypes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(21):15850. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115850
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng, Qianling, Jiqiang Shi, Yifei Lang, Yulan Zhu, Xiaobo Huang, Sanjie Cao, Qigui Yan, and Shan Zhao. 2023. "Phylogenetic Analysis and Serological Investigation of Porcine Circovirus Indicates Frequent Infection with Various Subtypes" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 21: 15850. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115850