Oleuropein, a Component of Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Improves Liver Steatosis and Lobular Inflammation by Lipopolysaccharides–TLR4 Axis Downregulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Oleuropein Reduces HFD-Induced Increased Platelet Activation and Higher Concentrations of Circulating LPS
2.2. Oleuropein Reduces HFD-Induced Hepatic Steatosis, Lobular Inflammation, and Fibrosis
2.3. Oleuropein Reduces HFD-Induced Hepatic LPS Localization and TLR4+ Macrophage Increase
2.4. Oleuropein Reduces HFD-Induced Hepatic CD42b+ Platelet Increase
2.5. Oleuropein Reduces HFD-Induced Intestinal Morphological Derangements
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animal Model
4.2. HDL3 Assay
4.3. Tissue Sampling and Histo-Morphological and Immunohistochemical Stains
4.4. Histopathology and Immunophenotype of Liver and Intestine
4.5. Serum LPS
4.6. Soluble Platelet Selectin (sP-Selectin) Assay
4.7. Zonulin Assay
4.8. Interferon γ (IFN-γ) Assay
4.9. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) Assay
4.10. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Antibody | Host Species | Manufacturer | Code | Dilution | Application |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
E. coli LPS | Mouse | abcam | ab35654 | 1:50 | IHC |
CD42b | Rabbit | abcam | ab183345 | 1:100 | IHC |
TLR4 | Rabbit | Atlas Antibodies | HPA049174 | 1:200 | IHC |
Occludin | Rabbit | abcam | ab216327 | 1:100 | IF |
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Schirone, L.; Overi, D.; Carpino, G.; Carnevale, R.; De Falco, E.; Nocella, C.; D’Amico, A.; Bartimoccia, S.; Cammisotto, V.; Castellani, V.; et al. Oleuropein, a Component of Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Improves Liver Steatosis and Lobular Inflammation by Lipopolysaccharides–TLR4 Axis Downregulation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 5580. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115580
Schirone L, Overi D, Carpino G, Carnevale R, De Falco E, Nocella C, D’Amico A, Bartimoccia S, Cammisotto V, Castellani V, et al. Oleuropein, a Component of Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Improves Liver Steatosis and Lobular Inflammation by Lipopolysaccharides–TLR4 Axis Downregulation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(11):5580. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115580
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchirone, Leonardo, Diletta Overi, Guido Carpino, Roberto Carnevale, Elena De Falco, Cristina Nocella, Alessandra D’Amico, Simona Bartimoccia, Vittoria Cammisotto, Valentina Castellani, and et al. 2024. "Oleuropein, a Component of Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Improves Liver Steatosis and Lobular Inflammation by Lipopolysaccharides–TLR4 Axis Downregulation" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 11: 5580. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115580