Comparative Analysis of Cystamine and Cysteamine as Radioprotectors and Antioxidants: Insights from Monte Carlo Chemical Modeling under High Linear Energy Transfer Radiation and High Dose Rates
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Radiolysis of Water: Effects of Radiation Quality and Dose Rate on the Formation of Radical and Molecular Products
1.2. Assessing the Radioprotective, Free-Radical Scavenging, and Antioxidant Properties of Cystamine and Cysteamine Using the Fricke Dosimeter: Influence of Proton Energy Variability and Dose Rate
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Kinetics of Fe3+ Formation in Aerated and Deaerated Fricke Solutions Exposed to 0.15–300 MeV (~72–0.3 keV/μm) Proton Irradiation without Added Cystamine or Cysteamine, in the Absence of Dose-Rate Effects
2.2. Comparison of Fe3+ Ion Yields in Aerated and Deaerated Fricke-Cystamine and Fricke-Cysteamine Solutions Exposed to 0.15–300 MeV (~72–0.3 keV/μm) Proton Irradiation, in the Absence of Dose-Rate Effects
2.3. Impact of Cystamine and Cysteamine Concentrations on Fricke Yield across Proton Energies from 300 to 0.15 MeV without Dose-Rate Effects
2.4. Comparison of Fe3+ Ion Yields in Aerated and Deaerated Fricke-Cystamine and Fricke-Cysteamine Solutions Exposed to 300 MeV (~0.3 keV/μm) Proton Irradiation, in the Presence of Dose-Rate Effects
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. The Aqueous Ferrous Sulfate (Fricke) Chemical Dosimeter
3.2. Monte Carlo Chemical Modeling of Radiolysis in Fricke-Cystamine and Fricke-Cysteamine Solutions: Chemical Reaction Scheme and Effects of LET and Dose Rate
3.2.1. The IONLYS-IRT Simulation Code and the Chemical Reaction Scheme
3.2.2. Assessing the Effect of LET with Protons of Various Energies
3.2.3. Modeling Dose-Rate Effects Using the “Instantaneous Pulse” (Dirac) Model
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Penabeï, S.; Meesungnoen, J.; Jay-Gerin, J.-P. Comparative Analysis of Cystamine and Cysteamine as Radioprotectors and Antioxidants: Insights from Monte Carlo Chemical Modeling under High Linear Energy Transfer Radiation and High Dose Rates. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 10490. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910490
Penabeï S, Meesungnoen J, Jay-Gerin J-P. Comparative Analysis of Cystamine and Cysteamine as Radioprotectors and Antioxidants: Insights from Monte Carlo Chemical Modeling under High Linear Energy Transfer Radiation and High Dose Rates. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(19):10490. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910490
Chicago/Turabian StylePenabeï, Samafou, Jintana Meesungnoen, and Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin. 2024. "Comparative Analysis of Cystamine and Cysteamine as Radioprotectors and Antioxidants: Insights from Monte Carlo Chemical Modeling under High Linear Energy Transfer Radiation and High Dose Rates" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 19: 10490. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910490