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Article

Comparative Analysis of the Chloroplast Genomes of the Melliodendron (Styracaceae) Species: Providing Insights into Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetic Relationships

by
Wei Dai
1,2,†,
Haozhi Zheng
1,2,†,
Menghan Xu
1,2,
Xingli Zhu
1,2,
Hui Long
1,2,
Xiaogang Xu
1,2,* and
Yanming Fang
1,2,*
1
Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2
State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecology and Environment of Wuyi Mountains, Nanjing 210037, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(1), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010177
Submission received: 12 November 2024 / Revised: 21 December 2024 / Accepted: 26 December 2024 / Published: 28 December 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Physiology and Molecular Nutrition)
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Abstract

Melliodendron xylocarpum is a member of the Styracaceae family, which is well-known for its remarkable ornamental and medicinal properties. In this research, we conducted comparative analysis of the chloroplast genomes from four samples of M. xylocarpum, representing Melliodendron. The results demonstrated that the chloroplast genome of four M. xylocarpum samples ranging from 157,103 bp to 158,357 bp exhibited a typical quadripartite structure, including one large single-copy (LSC) region (90,131 bp to 90,342 bp), one small single-copy (SSC) region (18,467 bp to 18,785 bp), and two inverted repeat regions (IRs) (24,115 bp to 24,261 bp). Different levels of expansion and contraction were observed in the IR region of four M. xylocarpum samples. Besides, accD and ycf1 have been identified under positive selection, potentially linked to the adaptive response of Melliodendron to various environmental changes. Conflicting phylogenetic relationships were identified among various genera within the Styracaceae family in the phylogenetic tree constructed using CDS sequences and complete chloroplast genomes. Furthermore, the significance of a large sample size was also highlighted in this study for enhancing the accuracy of findings from phylogenetic analyses. The findings of this research will provide significant insights for future investigations into the evolutionary trends and conservation of the Melliodendron species.
Keywords: Melliodendron; chloroplast genome; adaptive evolution; selection pressure; phylogenetic conflict Melliodendron; chloroplast genome; adaptive evolution; selection pressure; phylogenetic conflict

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Dai, W.; Zheng, H.; Xu, M.; Zhu, X.; Long, H.; Xu, X.; Fang, Y. Comparative Analysis of the Chloroplast Genomes of the Melliodendron (Styracaceae) Species: Providing Insights into Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetic Relationships. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 177. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010177

AMA Style

Dai W, Zheng H, Xu M, Zhu X, Long H, Xu X, Fang Y. Comparative Analysis of the Chloroplast Genomes of the Melliodendron (Styracaceae) Species: Providing Insights into Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetic Relationships. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(1):177. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010177

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dai, Wei, Haozhi Zheng, Menghan Xu, Xingli Zhu, Hui Long, Xiaogang Xu, and Yanming Fang. 2025. "Comparative Analysis of the Chloroplast Genomes of the Melliodendron (Styracaceae) Species: Providing Insights into Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetic Relationships" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 1: 177. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010177

APA Style

Dai, W., Zheng, H., Xu, M., Zhu, X., Long, H., Xu, X., & Fang, Y. (2025). Comparative Analysis of the Chloroplast Genomes of the Melliodendron (Styracaceae) Species: Providing Insights into Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetic Relationships. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(1), 177. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010177

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