Relationship between Children’s Birth Weight and Birth Length and a Risk of Overweight and Obesity in 4–15-Year-Old Children
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Anthropometric Measurements
2.3. Assessment of Perinatal Risk Factors
2.4. Data Analysis
2.5. Ethical
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Total | 4–6 Years | 7–11 Years | 12–15 Years | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Birth Body Weight (g) | Birth Body Length (cm) | Gestational Age (weeks) | Birth Body Weight (g) | Birth Body Length (cm) | Gestational Age (weeks) | Birth Body Weight (g) | Birth Body Length (cm) | Gestational Age (weeks) | Birth Body Weight (g) | Birth Body Length (cm) | Gestational Age (weeks) | |
Total | ||||||||||||
Normal or lower body mass | 3366 | 55.1 | 39.41 | 3266 | 54.6 | 39.10 | 3398 | 55.2 | 39.49 | 3398 | 55.4 | 39.55 |
Overweight or obesity | 3317 | 54.8 | 39.43 | 3318 | 54.6 | 39.23 | 3349 | 55.2 | 39.43 | 3278 | 54.4 | 39.57 |
p | 0.387 | 0.193 | 0.867 | 0.678 | 0.705 | 0.701 | 0.827 | 0.893 | 0.822 | 0.120 | 0.048 | 0.884 |
Boys | ||||||||||||
Normal or lower body mass | 3448 | 55.4 | 39.41 | 3278 | 54.8 | 39.08 | 3490 | 55.5 | 39.53 | 3506 | 55.7 | 39.49 |
Overweight or obesity | 3328 | 54.5 | 39.29 | 3334 | 55.1 | 39.28 | 3294 | 54.6 | 39.15 | 3386 | 53.6 | 39.57 |
p | 0.154 | 0.102 | 0.694 | 0.730 | 0.760 | 0.643 | 0.239 | 0.517 | 0.549 | 0.190 | 0.003 | 0.799 |
Girls | ||||||||||||
Normal or lower body mass | 3276 | 54.7 | 39.40 | 3256 | 54.4 | 39.12 | 3282 | 54.7 | 39.43 | 3286 | 55.0 | 39.61 |
Overweight or obesity | 3305 | 55.0 | 39.59 | 3283 | 53.5 | 39.12 | 3416 | 55.9 | 39.78 | 3224 | 54.8 | 39.55 |
p | 0.691 | 0.870 | 0.724 | 0.749 | 0.198 | 0.898 | 0.232 | 0.455 | 0.703 | 0.730 | 0.948 | 0.848 |
Infant’s Somatic Features | BMI Centile | ||
---|---|---|---|
Girls | Boys | Total | |
Total | |||
Birth body weight (g) | 0.12 (0.028) a | 0.03 (0.520) a | 0.07 (0.046) a |
Birth body length (cm) | 0.04 (0.431) a | −0.01 (0.788) a | 0.02 (0.675) a |
4–6 years | |||
Birth body weight (g) | 0.19 (0.072) a | 0.15 (0.160) a | 0.17 (0.027) a |
Birth body length (cm) | 0.07 (0.488) a | 0.13 (0.208) | 0.10 (0.173) a |
7–11 years | |||
Birth body weight (g) | 0.21 (0.008) a | 0.04 (0.612) a | 0.12 (0.029) a |
Birth body length (cm) | 0.08 (0.341) a | 0.01 (0.836) a | 0.05 (0.315) a |
12–15 years | |||
Birth body weight (g) | −0.02 (0.802) a | −0.08 (0.410) a | −0.08 (0.257) a |
Birth body length (cm) | −0.03 (0.766) a | −0.21 (0.039) a | −0.12 (0.090) a |
Variables | Centile Classification of Birth Body Weight | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SGA | AGA | p | Hypertrophic Type | Eutrophic Type | LBW Type | p | |
Sex | |||||||
Girls | 30 a | 324 a | 0.035 | 19 a | 319 a | 18 a | 0.170 |
36.5 (±32.0) b | 48.5 (±31.7) b | 53.6 (±30.1) b | 48.1 (±31.5) b | 36.3 (±37.2) b | |||
Boys | 25 a | 361 a | 0.242 | 56 a | 312 a | 23 a | 0.836 |
40.7 (±26.8) b | 48.4 (±31.1) b | 48.8 (±30.6) b | 48.0 (±30.8) b | 43.6 (±31.1) b | |||
Age | |||||||
4–6 years | 17 a | 158 a | 0.747 | 12 a | 148 a | 18 a | 0.349 |
45.3 (±26.3) b | 48.1 (±31.1) b | 54.5 (±26.5) b | 48.4 (±30.2) b | 38.8 (±35.1) b | |||
7–11 years | 27 a | 328 a | 0.009 | 48 a | 294 a | 17 a | 0.449 |
30.0 (±29.2) b | 46.3 (±31.5) b | 48.6 (±32.1) b | 45.3 (±31.4) b | 36.9 (±30.7) b | |||
12–15 years | 11 a | 199 a | 0.691 | 15 a | 189 a | 6 a | 0.991 |
48.3 (±31.8) b | 52.3 (±31.2) b | 51.2 (±28.9) b | 52.0 (±31.2) b | 55.3 (±39.3) b |
Body Weight Category Based on BMI Centile | Underweight (n = 78) | Normal Weight (n = 552) | Overweight (n = 71) | Obesity (n = 46) | Total (n = 747) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Centile classification of birth weight (0.236) a | |||||
SGA | 10 (18.2%) | 40 (72.7%) | 4 (7.3%) b | 1 (1.8%) b | 55 |
AGA | 68 (9.9%) | 505 (73.7%) | 67 (9.8%) b | 45 (6.6%) b | 685 |
LGA | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) b | 0 (0.0%) b | 7 |
Birth weight classification (0.069) a | |||||
Hypertrophic | 8 (10.7%) | 59 (78.7%) | 4 (5.3%) | 4 (5.3%) | 75 |
Eutrophic | 60 (9.5%) | 469 (74.3%) | 62 (9.8%) | 40 (6.4%) | 631 |
LBW | 10 (24.4%) | 24 (58.5%) | 5 (12.2%) | 2 (4.9%) | 41 |
Variables | Centile Classification of Birth Body Weight | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SGA | AGA | p | Hypertrophic Type | Eutrophic Type | LBW Type | p | |
Sex | |||||||
Girls | 2 (6.7%) | 56 (17.3%) | 0.133 | 3 (15.8%) | 53 (16.6%) | 2 (11.1%) | 0.826 |
Boys | 3 (12.0%) | 56 (15.5%) | 0.637 | 5 (8.9%) | 49 (15.8%) | 5 (21.7%) | 0.279 |
Age | |||||||
4–6 years | 1 (5.9%) | 25 (15.8%) | 0.273 | 1 (8.3%) | 22 (14.9%) | 3 (16.7%) | 0.799 |
7–11 years | 3 (11.1%) | 46 (14.0%) | 0.673 | 6 (12.5%) | 40 (13.7%) | 3 (17.6%) | 0.868 |
12–15 years | 1 (9.1%) | 41 (20.6%) | 0.353 | 1 (6.7%) | 40 (21.2%) | 1 (16.7%) | 0.393 |
Disturbing Variables | OR (95% CI) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
4–6 years of age | Body birth weight | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.565 |
Body birth length | 0.96 (0.80–1.15) | 0.670 | |
7–11 years of age | Body birth weight | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.428 |
Body birth length | 1.04 (0.92–1.17) | 0.546 | |
12–15 years of age | Body birth weight | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.785 |
Body birth length | 0.88 (0.74–1.03) | 0.116 | |
Sex | |||
Male | Body birth weight | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.870 |
Body birth length | 0.93 (0.83–1.05) | 0.269 | |
Female | Body birth weight | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.998 |
Body birth length | 1.03 (0.91–1.16) | 0.661 | |
Maternal education | |||
Professional | Body birth weight | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 0.110 |
Body birth length | 0.77 (0.48–1.25) | 0.294 | |
Average | Body birth weight | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.704 |
Body birth length | 1.01 (0.89–1.14) | 0.931 | |
Higher | Body birth weight | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.523 |
Body birth length | 0.98 (0.87–1.11) | 0.801 | |
Father’s education | |||
Professional | Body birth weight | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.782 |
Body birth length | 1.01 (0.83–1.22) | 0.946 | |
Average | Body birth weight | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.145 |
Body birth length | 1.03 (0.91–1.17) | 0.647 | |
Higher | Body birth weight | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.437 |
Body birth length | 0.91 (0.79–1.05) | 0.195 | |
Socio-economic status | |||
Below average | Body birth weight | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.420 |
Body birth length | 0.94 (0.80–1.10) | 0.418 | |
Average | Body birth weight | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.072 |
Body birth length | 1.07 (0.95–1.21) | 0.268 | |
Above average | Body birth weight | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.099 |
Body birth length | 0.85 (0.70–1.02) | 0.080 |
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Baran, J.; Weres, A.; Czenczek-Lewandowska, E.; Leszczak, J.; Kalandyk-Osinko, K.; Mazur, A. Relationship between Children’s Birth Weight and Birth Length and a Risk of Overweight and Obesity in 4–15-Year-Old Children. Medicina 2019, 55, 487. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55080487
Baran J, Weres A, Czenczek-Lewandowska E, Leszczak J, Kalandyk-Osinko K, Mazur A. Relationship between Children’s Birth Weight and Birth Length and a Risk of Overweight and Obesity in 4–15-Year-Old Children. Medicina. 2019; 55(8):487. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55080487
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaran, Joanna, Aneta Weres, Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska, Justyna Leszczak, Katarzyna Kalandyk-Osinko, and Artur Mazur. 2019. "Relationship between Children’s Birth Weight and Birth Length and a Risk of Overweight and Obesity in 4–15-Year-Old Children" Medicina 55, no. 8: 487. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55080487