Cyanobacterial Xenobiotics as Evaluated by a Caenorhabditis elegans Neurotoxicity Screening Test
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Strains
2.2. Preparation of Plates and Exposure Conditions
The Culture Filtrate | Microcystins, µg·L−1 |
---|---|
Microcystis aeruginosa batch culture | MC-RR 244 ± 7% |
in Z-medium + 200 µg·L−1·Br | MC-YR 180 ± 11% |
MC-LR 332 ± 3% |
2.3. Analysis of Microcystins in the Culture Filtrate
2.4. Locomotion Behavior
2.5. Pharyngeal Pumping
2.6. Defecation Assay
2.7. Chemotaxis Assay
2.8. Thermotaxis Assay
2.9. Mechanical Sensory Stimulus
3. Data Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Autonomic Function
4.2. Sensory Function
5. Discussion
5.1. Applicability of C. elegans as a Model for Neurotoxicity
5.2. Cyanotoxins and M. aeruginosa Culture Filtrate
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ju, J.; Saul, N.; Kochan, C.; Putschew, A.; Pu, Y.; Yin, L.; Steinberg, C.E.W. Cyanobacterial Xenobiotics as Evaluated by a Caenorhabditis elegans Neurotoxicity Screening Test. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 4589-4606. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110504589
Ju J, Saul N, Kochan C, Putschew A, Pu Y, Yin L, Steinberg CEW. Cyanobacterial Xenobiotics as Evaluated by a Caenorhabditis elegans Neurotoxicity Screening Test. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11(5):4589-4606. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110504589
Chicago/Turabian StyleJu, Jingjuan, Nadine Saul, Cindy Kochan, Anke Putschew, Yuepu Pu, Lihong Yin, and Christian E. W. Steinberg. 2014. "Cyanobacterial Xenobiotics as Evaluated by a Caenorhabditis elegans Neurotoxicity Screening Test" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 5: 4589-4606. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110504589