Association of Sand Dust Particles with Pulmonary Function and Respiratory Symptoms in Adult Patients with Asthma in Western Japan Using Light Detection and Ranging: A Panel Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Definition of the Heavy Dust Days and Monitoring of Air Pollutants
2.3. Recording the Daily Lower Respiratory Tract Symptoms and Morning PEF
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics
Characteristic | Mean/Number (%) |
---|---|
Number of patients | 137 |
Age (years) | 63.5 ± 15.4 |
Sex (male/female) | 58/79 |
Smoking status | |
Never | 92 (67.1) |
Former | 38 (27.7) |
Current | 7 (5.2) |
Pulmonary function | |
FVC (L) | 2.94 ± 0.70 |
FEV1 (L) | 2.09 ± 0.60 |
%FEV1 (%) | 100.4 ± 24.7 |
Allergic rhinitis and/or chronic sinusitis | 60 (43.8) |
Atopic disposition | 74 (54.0) |
Treatment step | |
Step 1 | 1 (0.7) |
Step 2 | 14 (10.2) |
Step 3 | 29 (21.2) |
Step 4 | 87 (63.5) |
Step 5 | 6 (4.4) |
3.2. Sand Dust Particle and Aerosolized Air Pollutant Levels
3.3. Lower Respiratory Symptoms and Peak Expiratory Flow
Meteorological Exposure | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sand Dust Particles | Aerosolized Air Pollutants | SPM | PM2.5 | |
IQR | 0.02 km−1 | 0.06 km−1 | 12.8 μg/m3 | 13.6 μg/m3 |
Change in the symptoms score | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.07 |
95% CI | 0.03, 0.05 | −0.01, 0.04 | 0.04, 0.08 | 0.04, 0.08 |
P value | <0.001 | 0.085 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Change in the PEF (L/min) | 0.01 | −0.17 | −0.13 | −0.20 |
95% CI | −0.62, 0.11 | −0.67, 0.33 | −0.60, 0.35 | −0.80, 0.41 |
P value | 0.946 | 0.507 | 0.588 | 0.526 |
Lag Time (Days) | Change in the Symptom Score | 95% CI | P Value |
Lag 0 | 0.15 | 0.09, 0.20 | <0.001 |
Lag 0–1 | 0.12 | 0.07, 0.16 | <0.001 |
Lag 0–2 | 0.11 | 0.07, 0.15 | <0.001 |
Lag 0–3 | 0.11 | 0.07, 0.14 | <0.001 |
Lag 0–4 | 0.08 | 0.05, 0.12 | <0.001 |
Lag 0–5 | 0.06 | 0.02, 0.09 | 0.003 |
Lag Time (Days) | Change in the PEF (L/min) | 95% CI | P Value |
Lag 0 | −0.18 | −1.61, 1.25 | 0.805 |
Lag 0–1 | −0.21 | −1.42, 0.99 | 0.729 |
Lag 0–2 | 0.11 | −0.95, 1.17 | 0.836 |
Lag 0–3 | 0.18 | −0.82, 1.17 | 0.730 |
Lag 0–4 | 0.09 | −0.86, 1.03 | 0.856 |
Lag 0–5 | 0.36 | −0.56, 1.27 | 0.444 |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Files
Supplementary File 1Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Watanabe, M.; Noma, H.; Kurai, J.; Shimizu, A.; Sano, H.; Kato, K.; Mikami, M.; Ueda, Y.; Tatsukawa, T.; Ohga, H.; et al. Association of Sand Dust Particles with Pulmonary Function and Respiratory Symptoms in Adult Patients with Asthma in Western Japan Using Light Detection and Ranging: A Panel Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 13038-13052. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121013038
Watanabe M, Noma H, Kurai J, Shimizu A, Sano H, Kato K, Mikami M, Ueda Y, Tatsukawa T, Ohga H, et al. Association of Sand Dust Particles with Pulmonary Function and Respiratory Symptoms in Adult Patients with Asthma in Western Japan Using Light Detection and Ranging: A Panel Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12(10):13038-13052. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121013038
Chicago/Turabian StyleWatanabe, Masanari, Hisashi Noma, Jun Kurai, Atsushi Shimizu, Hiroyuki Sano, Kazuhiro Kato, Masaaki Mikami, Yasuto Ueda, Toshiyuki Tatsukawa, Hideki Ohga, and et al. 2015. "Association of Sand Dust Particles with Pulmonary Function and Respiratory Symptoms in Adult Patients with Asthma in Western Japan Using Light Detection and Ranging: A Panel Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 10: 13038-13052. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121013038