Sexual Health of Polish Athletes with Disabilities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants—Research Groups
2.2. Procedures
2.3. Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI)
2.4. International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants—Socio-Demographic Characteristics
Variables | Paralympians | Athletes | Non-athletes | Kruskal-Wallis/CHI2 test | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 34.10 ± 11.01 | 28.41 ± 10.37 | 45.34 ± 15.93 | p = 0.000001 | |
Residence | Rural areas | 9 (20.45%) | 31 (24.80%) | 15 (31.91%) | NS (p = 0.21221) |
Town <100,000 | 20 (45.45%) | 38 (30.40%) | 18 (38.30%) | ||
Big city >100,000 | 15 (34.09%) | 56 (44.80%) | 14 (29.79%) | ||
Marital status | Single | 28 (63.64%) | 99 (80.49%) | 34 (73.91%) | NS (p = 0.07902) |
Married | 16 (36.36%) | 24 (19.51%) | 12 (26.09%) | ||
Education | Primary | 1 (2.22%) | 7 (5.56%) | 3 (6.38%) | NS (p = 0.15863) |
Vocational | 7 (15.56%) | 23 (18.25%) | 17 (36.17%) | ||
Secondary | 27 (60.00%) | 69 (54.76%) | 19 (40.43%) | ||
Tertiary | 10 (22.22%) | 27 (21.43%) | 8 (17.02%) | ||
Occupational activity | Unemployed | 12 (27.27%) | 27 (21.43%) | 29 (61.70%) | p = 0.00002 |
Employed | 22 (50.00%) | 59 (46.83%) | 12 (25.53%) | ||
Student | 10 (22.73%) | 40 (31.75%) | 6 (12.77%) | ||
The cause of physical disability | Inherited | 20 (44.44%) | 55 (43.65) | 6 (12.77%) | p = 0.00044 |
Spinal cord injury | 16 (35.56%) | 29 (23.02%) | 18 (38.30%) | NS (p = 0.37352) | |
Disease | 11 (24.44%) | 16 (12.70%) | 14 (29.79%) | p = 0.02447 | |
The form of locomotion | Unaided | 24 (23.76%) | 65 (52.00%) | 12 (26.09%) | p = 0.01300 |
On crutches | 9 (23.08%) | 17 (13.60%) | 13 (28.26%) | ||
Wheelchair | 10 (22.22%) | 42 (33.60%) | 18 (39.13%) | ||
Others | 2 (33.33%) | 1 (0.80%) | 3 (6.52%) |
Variables | Paralympians | Athletes | Non-athletes | Kruskal-Wallis/CHI2 test | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at the first intercourse (years) | 19.51 ± 5.07 | 18.66 ± 3.75 | 18.38 ± 3.35 | NS (p = 0.430479) | |
Length of current relationship (years) | 8.45 ± 8.20 | 7.15 ± 7.89 | 16.57 ± 16.04 | p = 0.002449 | |
The number of sexual partners | 8.75 ± 12.84 | 5.44 ± 6.93 | 4.27 ± 3.95 | NS (p = 0.056261) | |
Frequency of sexual intercourse (n, %) | once a day | 3 (8.11%) | 5 (5.95%) | 1 (3.85%) | NS (p = 0.53276) |
several times/week | 14 (37.84%) | 22 (26.19%) | 4 (15.38%) | ||
several times/month | 11 (29.73%) | 33 (39.29%) | 12 (46.15%) | ||
1 or less/month | 9 (24.32%) | 24 (28.57%) | 9 (34.62%) |
3.2. Sexual Functioning of Men and Women with Disabilities—IIEF and FSFI Scores
IIEF domains | Paralympians | Athletes | Non-athletes | Kruskal-Wallis test | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IIEF global score | Mean ± SD | 59.08 ± 11.14 | 51.05 ± 20.45 | 32.48 ± 21.80 | 0.000009 | ||||
Min–Max | 30–73 | 4–75 | 5–65 | ||||||
Erectile function | Mean ± SD | 23.75 ± 5.84 | 20.56 ± 9.39 | 12.82 ± 10.67 | 0.000133 | ||||
Min–Max | 6–30 | 0–30 | 1–29 | ||||||
Orgasm function | Mean ± SD | 8.29 ± 2.69 | 7.13 ± 3.25 | 4.54 ± 3.36 | 0.000199 | ||||
Min–Max | 2–10 | 1–10 | 1–10 | ||||||
Sexual desire | Mean ± SD | 8.58 ± 1.50 | 8.00 ± 1.95 | 5.40 ± 2.63 | 0.0000001 | ||||
Min–Max | 5–10 | 2–10 | 2–9 | ||||||
Intercourse satisfaction | Mean ± SD | 10.96 ± 2.39 | 8.70 ± 4.76 | 4.75 ± 4.67 | 0.000012 | ||||
Min–Max | 6–14 | 0–15 | 0–12 | ||||||
Overall satisfaction | Mean ± SD | 7.92 ± 1.69 | 7.51 ± 2.50 | 6.08 ± 2.62 | 0.016920 | ||||
Min–Max | 4–10 | 2–10 | 2–10 | ||||||
Erectile Dysfunction | No ED n (%) | 11 (45.83%) | 37 (43.02%) | 4 (16.67%) | p = 0.00388 | ||||
Mild ED n (%) | 11 (45.83%) | 25 (29.07%) | 7 (29.17%) | ||||||
Moderate ED n (%) | 1 (4.17%) | 10 (11.63%) | 1 (4.17%) | ||||||
Severe ED n (%) | 1 (4.17%) | 14 (16.28%) | 12 (50.00%) |
IIEF domains | Paralympians | Athletes | Non-athletes | Kruskal-Wallis test | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FSFI global score | Mean ± SD | 27.8 ± 7.22 | 18.42 ± 11.55 | 16.21 ± 12.48 | p = 0.008507 |
Min-Max | 11.6–34.5 | 2–33.7 | 2.4–34.1 | ||
Desire | Mean ± SD | 3.96 ± 1.08 | 3.32 ± 1.32 | 3.19 ± 1.78 | NS (p = 0.262703) |
Min-Max | 1.8–6 | 0–5.4 | 0–6 | ||
Arousal | Mean ± SD | 4.34 ± 1.91 | 2.73 ± 2.38 | 2.53 ± 2.32 | p = 0.047316 |
Min-Max | 0-6 | 0–6 | 0–5.4 | ||
Lubrication | Mean ± SD | 4.78 ± 2.01 | 3.01 ± 2.62 | 2.35 ± 2.45 | p = 0.016709 |
Min-Max | 0–6 | 0–6 | 0–6 | ||
Orgasm | Mean ± SD | 4.88 ± 1.44 | 2.75 ± 2.42 | 2.46 ± 2.42 | p = 0.004767 |
Min-Max | 0–6 | 0–6 | 0–6 | ||
Satisfaction | Mean ± SD | 4.8 ± 0.93 | 3.84 ± 2.01 | 2.97 ± 2.27 | p = 0.025647 |
Min-Max | 3.2–6 | 0–6 | 0–6 | ||
Pain | Mean ± SD | 5.04 ± 1.61 | 3.06 ± 2.78 | 2.42 ± 2.36 | p = 0.007658 |
Min-Max | 0–6 | 0–6 | 0–6 | ||
Female sexual dysfunctions | Desire disorders n (%) | 7 (46.67%) | 19 (73.08%) | 13 (68.42%) | NS (p = 0.21660) |
Arousal disorders n (%) | 4 (26.67%) | 15 (57.69%) | 11 (57.89%) | NS (p = 0.11328) | |
Lubrication disorders n (%) | 2 (13.33%) | 14 (53.85%) | 13 (68.42%) | p = 0.00464 | |
Orgasmic disorders n (%) | 1 (6.67%) | 16 (61.54%) | 13 (68.42%) | p = 0.00049 | |
Satisfaction disorders n (%) | 3 (20.00%) | 8 (30.77%) | 10 (52.63%) | NS (p = 0.14183) | |
Pain disorders n (%) | 1 (6.67%) | 12 (46.15%) | 11 (57.89%) | p = 0.00712 | |
Global FSD n (%) | 5 (33.33%) | 17 (65.38%) | 12 (63.16%) | NS (p = 0.13217) |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Plinta, R.; Sobiecka, J.; Drosdzol-Cop, A.; Nowak-Brzezińska, A.; Kobiołka, A.; Skrzypulec-Plinta, V. Sexual Health of Polish Athletes with Disabilities. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 7417-7429. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120707417
Plinta R, Sobiecka J, Drosdzol-Cop A, Nowak-Brzezińska A, Kobiołka A, Skrzypulec-Plinta V. Sexual Health of Polish Athletes with Disabilities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12(7):7417-7429. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120707417
Chicago/Turabian StylePlinta, Ryszard, Joanna Sobiecka, Agnieszka Drosdzol-Cop, Agnieszka Nowak-Brzezińska, Agnieszka Kobiołka, and Violetta Skrzypulec-Plinta. 2015. "Sexual Health of Polish Athletes with Disabilities" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 7: 7417-7429. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120707417