Impact of Air Pollutants on Outpatient Visits for Acute Respiratory Outcomes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Outpatient Data
2.2. Environmental Data
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pollutants | Median | Meteorological Parameters | Median | Outcomes | Median |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PM2.5 (μg/m3) | 66 | PRS-mean (kPa) | 101.24 | URTI (no.) | 96 |
PM10 (μg/m3) | 101 | T-mean (°C) | 15.5 | AB (no.) | 28 |
CO (mg/m3) | 1.01 | T-max (°C) | 21.5 | CAP (no.) | 18 |
NO2 (μg/m3) | 49 | RH-mean (%) | 52 ± 19 * | AECOPD (no.) | 2 |
SO2 (μg/m3) | 11 | AE-asthma (no.) | 1 | ||
O3 (μg/m3) | 92 | AEBX (no.) | 3 |
Pollutants | PM2.5 | PM10 | CO | NO2 | SO2 | O3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PM2.5 | 1.000 | 0.877 * | 0.852 * | 0.675 * | 0.476 * | −0.073 |
PM10 | 0.877 * | 1.000 | 0.713 * | 0.735 * | 0.515 * | −0.024 |
CO | 0.852 * | 0.713 * | 1.000 | 0.748 * | 0.684 * | −0.396 * |
NO2 | 0.675 * | 0.735 * | 0.748 * | 1.000 | 0.634 * | −0.361 * |
SO2 | 0.476 * | 0.515 * | 0.684 * | 0.634 * | 1.000 | −0.474 * |
O3 | −0.073 | −0.024 | −0.396 * | −0.361 * | −0.474 * | 1.000 |
Outcomes | PM2.5 | PM10 | CO | NO2 | SO2 | O3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ORs 95% CI | ORs 95% CI | ORs 95% CI | ORs 95% CI | ORs 95% CI | ORs 95% CI | |
URTI | ||||||
lag 0 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.001 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.001 | 1.064 * 1.042–1.086 | 1.002 * 1.002–1.003 | 1.003 * 1.002–1.004 | 1.000 1.000–1.000 |
lag 1 | 1.000 1.000–1.001 | 1.000 1.000–1.001 | 1.049 * 1.028–1.071 | 1.002 * 1.001–1.002 | 1.002 * 1.002–1.003 | 0.999 * 0.999–1.000 |
lag 2 | 1.000 1.000–1.000 | 1.000 1.000–1.000 | 1.033 * 1.012–1.055 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.001 | 1.001 * 1.001–1.002 | 0.999 * 0.999–0.999 |
lag 3 | 1.000 1.000–1.001 | 1.000 1.000–1.000 | 1.032 * 1.010–1.054 | 1.001 * 1.001–1.002 | 1.002 * 1.001–1.003 | 1.000 0.999–1.000 |
lag 4 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.001 | 1.000 1.000–1.001 | 1.060 * 1.037–1.083 | 1.002 * 1.001–1.003 | 1.002 * 1.002–1.003 | 1.000 1.000–1.001 |
lag 5 | 1.001 * 1.001–1.001 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.001 | 1.095 * 1.071–1.118 | 1.003 * 1.002–1.003 | 1.003 * 1.002–1.004 | 1.000 1.000–1.001 |
AB | ||||||
lag 0 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.001 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.001 | 1.059 * 1.020–1.099 | 1.003 * 1.001–1.004 | 1.002 * 1.001–1.004 | 1.000 0.999–1.000 |
lag 1 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.001 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.001 | 1.053 * 1.014–1.094 | 1.001 1.000–1.003 | 1.002 * 1.001–1.004 | 1.000 0.999–1.001 |
lag 2 | 1.001 * 1.001–1.002 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.001 | 1.072 * 1.032–1.114 | 1.002 * 1.000–1.003 | 1.003 * 1.001–1.004 | 1.000 0.999–1.000 |
lag 3 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.001 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.001 | 1.066 * 1.026–1.107 | 1.002 * 1.001–1.004 | 1.004 * 1.002–1.005 | 1.000 0.999–1.000 |
lag 4 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.001 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.001 | 1.074 * 1.033–1.118 | 1.003 * 1.001–1.004 | 1.003 * 1.002–1.004 | 1.000 0.999–1.001 |
lag 5 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.001 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.001 | 1.097 * 1.054–1.141 | 1.002 * 1.001–1.004 | 1.003 * 1.001–1.004 | 1.000 0.999–1.000 |
CAP | ||||||
lag 0 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.001 | 1.000 1.000–1.001 | 1.093 * 1.044–1.146 | 1.002 * 1.000–1.004 | 1.003 * 1.002–1.005 | 0.999 * 0.998–1.000 |
lag 1 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.001 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.001 | 1.117 * 1.066–1.170 | 1.003 * 1.001–1.004 | 1.004 * 1.002–1.006 | 0.999 * 0.998–1.000 |
lag 2 | 1.000 1.000–1.001 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.001 | 1.059 * 1.010–1.111 | 1.002 1.000–1.003 | 1.003 * 1.002–1.005 | 1.000 0.999–1.000 |
lag 3 | 1.000 1.000–1.001 | 1.000 1.000–1.000 | 1.026 0.978–1.076 | 1.001 0.999–1.003 | 1.003 * 1.001–1.005 | 1.000 0.999–1.000 |
lag 4 | 1.000 1.000–1.001 | 1.000 1.000–1.001 | 1.033 0.983–1.085 | 1.001 0.999–1.003 | 1.002 * 1.001–1.004 | 0.999 0.999–1.000 |
lag 5 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.001 | 1.000 1.000–1.001 | 1.060 1.009–1.113 | 1.001 1.000–1.003 | 1.003 * 1.001–1.004 | 1.000 0.999–1.001 |
AECOPD | ||||||
lag 0 | 1.001 1.000–1.003 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.003 | 1.188 * 1.056–1.335 | 1.004 1.000–1.008 | 1.005 * 1.001–1.010 | 1.002 1.000–1.004 |
lag 1 | 1.001 0.999–1.002 | 1.000 0.999–1.002 | 1.025 0.910–1.155 | 1.001 0.997–1.005 | 1.002 0.997–1.007 | 1.000 0.998–1.002 |
lag 2 | 1.001 0.999–1.002 | 1.000 0.998–1.001 | 0.963 0.851–1.090 | 0.999 0.994–1.003 | 1.000 0.995–1.005 | 1.000 0.998–1.002 |
lag 3 | 1.000 0.998–1.001 | 0.999 * 0.997–1.000 | 0.924 0.814–1.049 | 0.998 0.994–1.003 | 0.998 0.993–1.002 | 0.999 0.997–1.001 |
lag 4 | 0.999 0.998–1.001 | 1.000 0.998–1.001 | 0.903 0.789–1.033 | 0.998 0.994–1.003 | 0.998 0.994–1.003 | 0.999 0.998–1.001 |
lag 5 | 1.000 0.998–1.001 | 1.000 0.999–1.001 | 0.996 0.871–1.139 | 1.000 0.996–1.004 | 1.000 0.995–1.005 | 1.000 0.998–1.002 |
AE-asthma | ||||||
lag 0 | 1.001 0.999–1.003 | 1.000 0.998–1.002 | 1.013 0.848–1.209 | 1.000 0.994–1.006 | 1.000 0.993–1.006 | 1.000 0.997–1.003 |
lag 1 | 1.001 0.999–1.003 | 1.000 0.999–1.002 | 1.147 0.956–1.375 | 1.005 0.999–1.011 | 1.004 0.997–1.010 | 1.000 0.997–1.003 |
lag 2 | 0.999 0.997–1.001 | 0.999 0.997–1.001 | 0.944 0.790–1.128 | 0.998 0.991–1.004 | 0.998 0.991–1.005 | 1.001 0.998–1.004 |
lag 3 | 0.998 0.995–1.000 | 0.999 0.997–1.001 | 0.872 0.725–1.047 | 0.996 0.990–1.003 | 1.000 0.993–1.006 | 1.001 0.999–1.004 |
lag 4 | 0.999 0.996–1.001 | 0.999 0.997–1.001 | 0.899 0.742–1.089 | 0.994 0.988–1.001 | 0.999 0.993–1.006 | 1.004 *1.001–1.007 |
lag 5 | 1.000 0.998–1.002 | 1.0000.998–1.002 | 1.047 0.868–1.261 | 1.001 0.995–1.007 | 1.001 0.995–1.008 | 1.001 0.998–1.004 |
AEBX | ||||||
lag 0 | 1.000 0.998–1.001 | 1.000 0.999–1.001 | 1.069 0.952–1.199 | 1.000 0.996–1.004 | 1.002 0.997–1.006 | 0.999 0.997–1.000 |
lag 1 | 0.999 0.998–1.000 | 1.000 0.999–1.001 | 0.983 0.876–1.103 | 0.998 0.994–1.002 | 1.000 0.996–1.004 | 0.998 * 0.996–1.000 |
lag 2 | 0.999 0.998–1.000 | 0.999 0.998–1.000 | 0.993 0.881–1.118 | 0.998 0.994–1.002 | 1.000 0.995–1.004 | 0.999 0.997–1.000 |
lag 3 | 1.000 0.998–1.001 | 0.999 0.998–1.001 | 1.024 0.911–1.150 | 0.999 0.995–1.003 | 1.000 0.996–1.004 | 0.998 * 0.996–1.000 |
lag 4 | 1.001 1.000–1.003 | 1.001 1.000–1.002 | 1.169 * 1.035–1.320 | 1.006 * 1.002–1.010 | 1.005 * 1.001–1.010 | 0.999 0.997–1.001 |
lag 5 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.003 | 1.001 * 1.000–1.003 | 1.170 * 1.039–1.318 | 1.003 0.999–1.007 | 1.004 0.999–1.008 | 1.000 0.999–1.002 |
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Li, R.; Jiang, N.; Liu, Q.; Huang, J.; Guo, X.; Liu, F.; Gao, Z. Impact of Air Pollutants on Outpatient Visits for Acute Respiratory Outcomes. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14010047
Li R, Jiang N, Liu Q, Huang J, Guo X, Liu F, Gao Z. Impact of Air Pollutants on Outpatient Visits for Acute Respiratory Outcomes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(1):47. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14010047
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Ran, Ning Jiang, Qichen Liu, Jing Huang, Xinbiao Guo, Fan Liu, and Zhancheng Gao. 2017. "Impact of Air Pollutants on Outpatient Visits for Acute Respiratory Outcomes" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 1: 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14010047