Modeling Skin Injury from Hot Spills on Clothing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Heat Transport and Damage Integral
2.1. Heat Transport Modelling
2.2. Burn Modelling
2.3. Wet Fabric Temperature
2.4. The Spill Situations to be Analyzed
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Skin Layer | (W/m·K) | (kg/m3) | (J/kg·K) | (m2/s) | Thickness (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Epidermis | 0.22 | 1200 | 3600 | 5.1 × 10−8 | 40, 50, 60 & 80 × 10−6 |
Dermis | 0.40 | 1200 | 3600 | 9.3 × 10−8 | 0.002 |
Sub cutaneous | 0.20 | 1000 | 2500 | 8.0 × 10−8 | 0.010 |
Muscle | 0.45 | 1000 | 3800 | 1.2 × 10−7 | 0.030 |
Heat Source | (W/m·K) | (kg/m3) | (J/kg·K) | (J/m3·K) | Thickness (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dry cotton fabric | 0.05 | 200 | 1340 | 2.7 × 105 | 1.0 |
Water | 0.65 | 1000 | 4184 | 4.2 × 106 | - |
Soaked cotton fabric | 0.65 | 1000 | 3470 | 3.6 × 106 | 1.0 |
Case | (μm) | (mm) | (°C) | (s) | (s) | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 50 | 1.0 | 85 | - | - | 0.973 | Base case, 50 μm epidermis, fabric not removed |
B | 50 | 1.0 | 85 | 5.0 | 10 | 0.829 | Fabric off at 5 s and water cooling at 10 s |
C | 50 | 1.0 | 85 | 2.5 | 5 | 0.475 | Fabric off at 2.5 s and water cooling at 5 s |
D | 50 | 1.0 | 85 | 5.0 | - | 0.830 | As Case B but no water cooling |
E | 50 | 1.0 | 85 | 2.5 | - | 0.475 | As Case C but no water cooling |
F | 50 | 1.0 | 85 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 0.462 | As Case C but water cooling at 2.6 s |
G | 40 | 1.0 | 85 | - | - | 1.209 | As the base case but 40 μm epidermis |
H | 60 | 1.0 | 85 | - | - | 0.792 | As the base case but 60 μm epidermis |
I | 80 | 1.0 | 85 | - | - | 0.542 | As the base case but 80 μm epidermis |
J | 50 | 1.1 | 85 | - | - | 1.290 | As the base case but 1.1 mm thick fabric |
K | 50 | 0.9 | 85 | - | - | 0.706 | As the base case but 0.9 mm thick fabric |
L | 50 | 1.0 | 90 | - | - | 4.267 | As the base case but spilled liquid at 90 °C |
M | 50 | 1.0 | 80 | - | - | 0.227 | As the base case but spilled liquid at 80 °C |
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Log, T. Modeling Skin Injury from Hot Spills on Clothing. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1374. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111374
Log T. Modeling Skin Injury from Hot Spills on Clothing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(11):1374. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111374
Chicago/Turabian StyleLog, Torgrim. 2017. "Modeling Skin Injury from Hot Spills on Clothing" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 11: 1374. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111374