Variation of Hydrothermal Conditions under Climate Change in Naqu Prefecture, Tibet Plateau, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Meteorological Data
2.3. Contour Generation and Quantification of Spatial Position
2.4. Time Series Analysis of Spatial Position of Contour Lines
2.5. Division of Hydrothermal Conditions Suitability for Vegetations
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Annual Precipitation and the 500 mm Precipitation
3.1.1. Spatial Characteristics of Annual Precipitation
3.1.2. Trend Analysis of the 500 mm Precipitation
3.1.3. Periodicity Analysis of the 500 mm Precipitation
3.1.4. Catastrophe Analysis of the 500 mm Precipitation
3.2. Characteristics of Annual Accumulated Temperature and the 2000 °C Accumulated Temperature
3.2.1. Spatial Characteristics of Annual Accumulated Temperature
3.2.2. Trend Analysis of the 2000 °C Accumulated Temperature
3.2.3. Periodicity Analysis of the 2000 °C Accumulated Temperature
3.2.4. Catastrophe Analysis of the 2000 °C Accumulated Temperature
3.3. Analysis of Growth Conditions of Vegetations in Naqu Prefecture
3.4. Response Analysis of Ecosystem in Naqu Prefecture
4. Discussion
4.1. Can Trees Be Planted in Alpine Areas Like Naqu Prefecture?
4.2. Methods and Thresholds Aiming at Specific Areas Are Needed
4.3. Climate Change Adaptation of Ecosystem
5. Conclusions
- On the interdecadal scale, the 500 mm annual precipitation contour in Naqu Prefecture showed a slight shift to the southeast in the 1970s, then shifted to the northwest in the 1980s. The 2000 °C accumulated temperature contour showed an offset to the northwest in the 1970s and 1980s, and moved back to the southeast in the 1990s, then continued to move southward after the 2000s.
- The 500 mm annual precipitation contour presented a westward shifting trend and a southward shifting trend in longitude and latitude, respectively. The coordinate of the center point of the contour had a 3.3-year period and a 7.1-year period in longitude and latitude, respectively. The longitude of the center point had a catastrophe point around 1996, while there was no catastrophe point in the zonal direction.
- The 2000 °C accumulated temperature contour showed no significant westward and northward shifting trend in the meridional and zonal directions. The center point of the contour had a 2.8-year period and a 7-year sub-period in the meridional direction, while there was no significant period in the zonal direction. The longitude of the center point had a mutation point between 1966 and 1967, and the latitude had a catastrophe point between 2005 and 2006.
- When in the same vegetation zone, the annual precipitation in Naqu Prefecture was generally 17 mm to 129 mm higher than the national average, while the accumulated temperature level is generally 35 °C to 1338 °C lower than the national average. It was speculated that the same vegetation may require more precipitation and less accumulated temperature when grown in alpine regions. When the accumulated temperature and precipitation are spatially displaced, there may be a spatial redistribution of vegetation zones in Naqu Prefecture.
- At present, the hydrothermal conditions suitability of vegetation growth in Naqu Prefecture gradually got worse from southeast to northwest. In the future, affected by the spatial displacement of precipitation and accumulated temperature, the areas with suitable hydrothermal conditions suitable for vegetation growth show a northwestward shifting tendency.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vegetation Zones | Annual pre. (mm) | Annual Accumulated Temp. (°C) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Naqu | National | Diff. | Naqu | National | Diff. | |
Alpine grassland zone | 304 | 266 | 39 | 1126 | 1218 | −91 |
Alpine shrub meadow zone | 585 | 566 | 19 | 849 | 804 | 45 |
Alpine meadow zone | 478 | 420 | 57 | 505 | 541 | −35 |
Cold-temperate coniferous forest zone | 651 | 616 | 35 | 767 | 2105 | −1338 |
Alpine desert zone | 76 | 60 | 17 | 3389 | 3635 | −246 |
Warm grassland zone | 515 | 386 | 129 | 1034 | 1437 | −403 |
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Gong, B.; Weng, B.; Yan, D.; Qin, T.; Wang, H.; Bi, W. Variation of Hydrothermal Conditions under Climate Change in Naqu Prefecture, Tibet Plateau, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 2271. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102271
Gong B, Weng B, Yan D, Qin T, Wang H, Bi W. Variation of Hydrothermal Conditions under Climate Change in Naqu Prefecture, Tibet Plateau, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(10):2271. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102271
Chicago/Turabian StyleGong, Boya, Baisha Weng, Denghua Yan, Tianling Qin, Hao Wang, and Wuxia Bi. 2018. "Variation of Hydrothermal Conditions under Climate Change in Naqu Prefecture, Tibet Plateau, China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10: 2271. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102271