Determinants of Quality of Life and Satisfaction with Life in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Assessments
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
- De Leo, V.; Musacchio, M.C.; Cappelli, V.; Massaro, M.G.; Morgante, G.; Petraglia, F. Genetic hormonal and metabolic aspects of PCOS: An update. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 2016, 14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Khomami, M.B.; Tehrani, F.R.; Hashemi, S.; Farahmand, M.; Azizi, F. Of PCOS symptoms, hirsutism has the most significant impact on the quality of life of Iranian women. PLoS ONE 2015, 10, e0123608. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Martin, M.L.; Halling, K.; Eek, D.; Krohe, M.; Paty, J. Understanding polycystic ovary syndrome from the patient perspective: A concept elicitation patient interview study. Health Qual. Life Outcomes 2017, 15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Amsterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored 3rd PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Consensus on women’s health aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum. Reprod. 2012, 27, 14–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Taghavi, S.A.; Bazarganipour, F.; Hugh-Jones, S.; Hosseini, N. Health-related quality of life in Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A qualitative study. BMC Women’s Health 2015, 15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Avery, J.C.; Braunack-Mayer, A.J. The information needs of women diagnosed with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome—Implications for treatment and health outcomes. BMC Women’s Health 2007, 7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bazarganipour, F.; Ziaei, S.; Montazeri, A.; Foroozanfard, F.; Kazemnejad, A.; Faghihzadeh, S. Health-related quality of life in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): A model-based study of predictive factors. J. Sex. Med. 2014, 11, 1023–1032. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bazarganipour, F.; Ziaei, S.; Montazeri, A.; Foroozanfard, F.; Kazemnejad, A.; Faghihzadeh, S. Health-related quality of life and its relationship with clinical symptoms among Iranian patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Iran J. Reprod. Med. 2013, 11, 371–378. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Theofilou, P. Quality of life: definition and measurement. Eur. J. Psychol. 2013, 9, 150–162. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Salehi, A.; Harris, N.; Sebar, B.; Coyne, E. Self-perception of quality of life and its association with lifestyle behaviours of young Iranian women. Iran J. Public Health 2015, 44, 332–340. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Didarloo, A.; Alizadeh, M. Health-related quality of life and its determinants among women with diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional analysis. Nurs. Midwifery Stud. 2016, 5. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Harris, N.; Salehi, A.; Coyne, E.; Sebar, B. Life satisfaction and its determinants among young Iranian women. Women’s Health Bull. 2016, 3. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lukkala, P.S.; Honkanen, R.J.; Rauma, P.H.; Williams, L.J.; Quirk, S.E.; Kröger, H.; Koivumaa-Honkanen, H. Life satisfaction and morbidity among postmenopausal women. PLoS ONE 2016, 11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Feller, S.; Teucher, B.; Kaaks, R.; Boeing, H.; Vigl, M. Life Satisfaction and risk of chronic diseases in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC)-Germany study. PLoS ONE 2013, 8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Asl, S.T.S.; Sadeghi, K.; Bakhtiari, M.; Ahmadi, S.M.; Anamagh, A.N.; Khayatan, T. Effect of group positive psychotherapy on improvement of life satisfaction and the quality of life in infertile woman. Int. J. Fertol. Steril. 2016, 10, 105–112. [Google Scholar]
- Wołowicka, L.; Jaracz, K. The Polish Version of the WHOQOL-100 and WHOQOL-Bref. In Quality of Life in Medical Science; Wołowicka, L., Ed.; Wydawnictwo Uczelniane AM: Poznań, Poland, 2001; pp. 233–301. [Google Scholar]
- Jaracz, K.; Kalfoss, M.; Górna, K.; Bączyk, G. Quality of life in Polish: Psychometric properties of the Polish WHOQOL-BREF. Scand. J. Caring Sci. 2006, 20, 251–260. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- The WHOQOL Group. Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. Psychol. Med. 1998, 28, 551–558. [Google Scholar]
- Diener, E.; Emmons, R.A.; Larsen, R.J.; Griffin, S. (adaptation: Juczyński Z.): Satisfaction with Life Scale—SWLS. In Measurement Instruments in Health Promotion and Psychooncology; Juczyński, Z., Ed.; Pracowania Testów Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego: Warszawa, Poland, 2012; pp. 128–132. [Google Scholar]
- Drosdzol, A.; Skrzypulec, V.; Mazur, B.; Pawlińska-Chmara, R. Quality of life and marital sexual satisfaction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Folia Histochem. Cytobiol. 2007, 45, 93–97. [Google Scholar]
- Shafti, V.; Shahbazi, S. Comparing sexual function and quality of life in polycystic ovary syndrome and healthy women. J. Fam. Reprod. Health 2016, 10, 92–98. [Google Scholar]
- Schmid, J.; Kirchengast, S.; Vytiska-Binstorfer, E.; Huber, J. Infertility caused by PCOS—Health-related quality of life among Austrian and Moslem immigrant women in Austria. Hum. Reprod. 2004, 19, 2251–2257. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hahn, S.; Janssen, O.E.; Tan, S.; Pleger, K.; Mann, K.; Schedlowski, M.; Kimmig, R.; Benson, S.; Balamitsa, E.; Elsenbruch, S. Clinical and psychological correlates of quality-of-life in polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2005, 153, 853–860. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Brady, C.; Mousa, S.S.; Mousa, S.A. Polycystic ovary syndrome and its impact on women’s quality of life: More than just an endocrine disorder. Drug, Healthc. Patient Saf. 2009, 1, 9–15. [Google Scholar]
- Benetti-Pinto, C.L.; Ferreira, S.R.; Antunes, A., Jr; Yela, D.A. The influence of body weight on sexual function and quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 2015, 291, 451–455. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kumarapeli, V.; Seneviratne, R.; Wijeyaratne, C. Health-related quality of life and psychological distress in polycystic ovary syndrome: A hidden facet in South Asian women. BJOG 2011, 118, 319–328. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Elsenbruch, S.; Hahn, S.; Kowalsky, D.; Offner, A.H.; Schedlowski, M.; Mann, K.; Janssen, O.E. Quality of life, psychosocial well-being, and sexual satisfaction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J. Clin. Endocrinol. MeTable 2003, 88, 5801–5807. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bazarganipour, F.; Taghavi, S.A.; Montazeri, A.; Ahmadi, F.; Chaman, R.; Khosravi, A. The impact of polycystic ovary syndrome on the health-related quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Iran. J. Reprod. Med. 2015, 13, 61–70. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- McCook, J.G.; Reame, N.E.; Thatcher, S.S. Health-related quality of life issues in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Neonatal. Nurs. 2005, 34, 12–20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Barnard, L.; Ferriday, D.; Guenther, N.; Strauss, B.; Balen, A.H.; Dye, L. Quality of life and psychological well being in polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum. Reprod. 2007, 22, 2279–2286. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bień, A.; Rzońca, E.; Kańczugowska, A.; Iwanowicz-Palus, G. Factors affecting the quality of life and the illness acceptance of pregnant women with diabetes. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chrobak-Bień, J.; Gawor, A.; Paplaczyk, M.; Małecka-Panas, E.; Gąsiorowska, A. Analysis of factors affecting the quality of life of those suffering from Crohn’s disease. Pol. Przegl. Chir. 2017, 89, 16–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bąk-Drabik, K.; Ziora, D. The impact of socioeconomic status on the quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pneumonol. Alergol. Pol. 2010, 78, 3–13. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Lemos, C.F.; Rodrigues, M.P.; Veiga, J.R. Family income is associated with quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease in the pre-dialysis phase: A cross sectional study. Health Qual. Life Outcomes 2015, 13, 202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Poomalar, G.K.; Arounassalame, B. The quality of life during and after menopause among rural women. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 2013, 7, 135–139. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zagozdzon, P.; Kolarzyk, E.; Marcinkowski, J.T. Quality of life and rural place of residence in Polish women—Population based study. Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. 2011, 18, 429–432. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Żołnierczuk-Kieliszek, D.; Kulik, T.B.; Jarosz, M.J.; Stefanowicz, A.; Pacian, A.; Pacian, J.; Janiszewska, M. Quality of life in peri- and post-menopausal Polish women living in Lublin Province—Differences between urban and rural dwellers. Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. 2012, 19, 129–133. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Schafer, M.H.; Mustillo, S.A.; Ferraro, K.F. Age and the tenses of life satisfaction. J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci. 2013, 68, 571–579. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jan, M.; Masood, T. An assessment of life satisfaction among women. Stud. Home Community Sci. 2008, 2, 33–42. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Banjare, P.; Dwivedi, R.; Pradhan, J. Factors associated with the life satisfaction amongst the rural elderly in Odisha, India. Health Qual. Life Outcomes 2015, 13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Maroufizadeh, S.; Ghaheri, A.; Samani, R.O.; Ezabadi, Z. Psychometric properties of the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) in Iranian infertile women. Int. J. Reprod. Biomed. 2016, 14, 57–62. [Google Scholar]
- Gebuza, G.; Kaźmierczak, M.; Mieczkowska, E.; Gierszewska, M.; Kotzbach, R. Life satisfaction and social support received by women in the perinatal period. Adv. Clin. Exp. Med. 2014, 23, 611–619. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bień, A.; Rzońca, E.; Iwanowicz-Palus, G.; Lecyk, U.; Bojar, I. Quality of life and satisfaction with life of women who are childless by choice. Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. 2017, 24, 250–253. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Abbott, P.; Sapsford, R. Life—Satisfaction in post-soviet Russia and Ukraine. J. Happiness Stud. 2006, 7, 251–287. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kuivasaari-Pirinen, P.; Koivumaa-Honkanen, H.; Hippeläinen, M.; Raatikainen, K.; Heinonen, S. Outcome of assisted reproductive technology (ART) and subsequent self-reported life satisfaction. PLoS ONE 2014, 9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Participants’ Characteristics | Study Group | Control Group | Statistical Analysis | |
---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | |||
250 (49.60) | 254 (50.40) | |||
Age | Under 25 years old | 47 (18.80) | 42 (16.54) | χ2 = 0.450 p = 0.798 |
26–35 | 108 (43.20) | 112 (44.09) | ||
Over 35 years old | 95 (38.00) | 100 (39.37) | ||
Professional activity | Working professionally | 193 (77.20) | 182 (71.65) | χ2 = 2.035 p = 0.153 |
Not working | 57 (22.80) | 72 (28.35) | ||
Socio-economic standing | Unsatisfactory | 94 (37.60) | 82 (32.28) | χ2 = 1.567 p = 0.210 |
Satisfactory | 156 (62.40) | 172 (67.72) | ||
Having children | No children | 133 (53.20) | 80 (31.50) | χ2 = 28.668 p = 0.000 |
One child | 57 (22.80) | 63 (24.80) | ||
Two or more children | 60 (24.00) | 111 (43.70) | ||
BMI | Normal (18.50–24.99) | 103 (41.20) | 156 (61.42) | χ2 = 24.535 p = 0.000 |
Overweight (25.00–29.99) | 98 (39.20) | 77 (30.31) | ||
Obese (>30.00) | 49 (19.60) | 21 (8.27) | ||
Mean BMI | 26.41 | 24.33 | ||
Time from PCOS diagnosis | Up to 1 year | 38 (15.20) | --- | --- |
1–5 years | 126 (50.40) | --- | ||
6–10 years | 52 (20.80) | --- | ||
more than 10 years | 34 (13.60) | --- |
WHOQOL-BREF—Domains | Study Group | Control Group | Statistical Analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | Me | M | SD | Me | ||
General quality of life | 3.72 | 0.77 | 4.00 | 4.01 | 0.60 | 4.00 | Z = −4.446, p = 0.000, rc = 0.198 |
General health | 3.28 | 0.91 | 3.00 | 3.72 | 0.73 | 4.00 | Z = −5.669, p = 0.000, rc = 0.263 |
Physical health | 53.88 | 11.87 | 56.00 | 56.02 | 9.11 | 56.00 | t = −2.276, p = 0.023, d = 0.202 |
Psychological | 59.88 | 15.09 | 63.00 | 66.23 | 10.27 | 69.00 | t = −5.512, p = 0.000, d = 0.492 |
Social relationships | 67.12 | 18.18 | 69.00 | 74.37 | 15.90 | 75.00 | t = −4.867, p = 0.000, d = 0.424 |
Environment | 63.35 | 14.90 | 63.00 | 70.21 | 12.61 | 69.00 | t = −5.584, p = 0.000, d = 0.497 |
Variables | General Quality of Life | General Health | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R2 = 0.176, F(12.237) = 5.425, p < 0.001 | R2 = 0.081, F(12.237) = 2.833, p = 0.001 | |||||||
B | β | t | p | B | β | t | p | |
Age: 26–35 | 0.000 | 0.000 | −0.002 | 0.999 | 0.079 | 0.043 | 0.457 | 0.648 |
Age: over 35 years old | −0.266 | −0.168 | −1.530 | 0.127 | 0.087 | 0.047 | 0.406 | 0.685 |
Professional activity (non-working) | −0.112 | −0.061 | −1.004 | 0.316 | −0.294 | −0.137 | −2.126 | 0.035 |
Socio–economic standing (satisfactory) | 0.596 | 0.375 | 6.208 | 0.000 | 0.456 | 0.244 | 3.827 | 0.000 |
Having children: one child | −0.110 | −0.060 | −0.865 | 0.388 | 0.148 | 0.069 | 0.942 | 0.347 |
Having children: two or more children | 0.213 | 0.118 | 1.383 | 0.168 | 0.317 | 0.150 | 1.659 | 0.098 |
BMI | −0.014 | −0.086 | −1.439 | 0.152 | −0.003 | −0.015 | −0.241 | 0.810 |
Time from PCOS diagnosis: 1–5 years | −0.280 | −0.182 | −2.021 | 0.044 | −0.314 | −0.173 | −1.825 | 0.069 |
Time from PCOS diagnosis: 6–10 years | −0.333 | –0.175 | –2.015 | 0.045 | –0.408 | –0.183 | –1.995 | 0.047 |
Time from PCOS diagnosis: more than 10 years | −0.095 | −0.042 | −0.487 | 0.626 | −0.338 | −0.128 | −1.393 | 0.165 |
Variables | Physical Health | Psychological | Social Relationships | Environment | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R2 = 0.143, F(12.237) = 4.460, p < 0.001 | R2 = 0.167, F(12.237) = 5.166, p < 0.001 | R2 = 0.174, F(12.237) = 5.365, p < 0.001 | R2 = 0.285, F(12.237) = 9.262, p < 0.001 | |||||||||||||
B | β | t | p | B | β | t | p | B | β | t | p | B | β | t | p | |
Age: 26–35 | 2.769 | 0.088 | 0.958 | 0.339 | 1.790 | 0.059 | 0.649 | 0.517 | –0.674 | –0.018 | –0.204 | 0.839 | 1.371 | 0.046 | 0.544 | 0.587 |
Age: over 35 y/o | –1.867 | –0.058 | –0.521 | 0.603 | –2.512 | –0.081 | –0.736 | 0.463 | –8.004 | –0.214 | –1.953 | 0.049 | –1.222 | –0.040 | –0.391 | 0.696 |
Professional activity (non-working) | –2.705 | –0.073 | –1.175 | 0.241 | –3.127 | –0.087 | –1.424 | 0.156 | –2.079 | –0.048 | –0.789 | 0.431 | –0.146 | –0.004 | –0.073 | 0.942 |
Socio–economic standing (satisfactory) | 9.987 | 0.311 | 5.045 | 0.000 | 9.404 | 0.302 | 4.981 | 0.000 | 13.283 | 0.355 | 5.863 | 0.000 | 14.180 | 0.462 | 8.208 | 0.000 |
Having children: one child | 0.074 | 0.002 | 0.028 | 0.978 | 3.731 | 0.104 | 1.496 | 0.136 | 2.219 | 0.051 | 0.741 | 0.459 | –0.961 | –0.027 | –0.421 | 0.674 |
Having children: two or more children | 0.0058 | 0.002 | 0.018 | 0.985 | 3.975 | 0.113 | 1.312 | 0.191 | 5.613 | 0.132 | 1.544 | 0.124 | –1.010 | –0.029 | –0.364 | 0.716 |
BMI | –0.397 | –0.118 | –1.930 | 0.055 | –0.624 | –0.192 | –3.184 | 0.002 | –0.242 | –0.062 | –1.027 | 0.305 | –0.392 | –0.122 | –2.182 | 0.030 |
Time from PCOS diagnosis: 1–5 years | –5.698 | –0.183 | –1.995 | 0.047 | –2.854 | –0.095 | –1.048 | 0.296 | –9.476 | –0.261 | –2.899 | 0.004 | –6.811 | –0.229 | –2.732 | 0.007 |
Time from PCOS diagnosis: 6–10 years | –6.503 | –0.170 | –1.911 | 0.057 | –4.210 | –0.113 | –1.297 | 0.196 | –8.904 | –0.199 | –2.286 | 0.023 | –6.978 | –0.190 | –2.349 | 0.020 |
Time from PCOS diagnosis: more than 10 years | –2.726 | –0.060 | –0.676 | 0.500 | 2.033 | 0.046 | 0.529 | 0.598 | –2.407 | –0.045 | –0.522 | 0.602 | 0.135 | 0.003 | 0.038 | 0.969 |
Satisfaction with Life | Study Group | Control Group | Statistical Analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | Me | M | SD | Me | ||
SWLS | 20.16 | 6.25 | 21.00 | 21.74 | 5.55 | 22.00 | t = –3.014, p = 0.002, d = 0.098 |
Variables | SWLS | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
R2 = 0.259, F(12.237) = 8.269, p < 0.001 | ||||
B | β | t | p | |
Age: 26–35 | 1.948 | 0.155 | 1.809 | 0.072 |
Age: over 35 y/o | –0.047 | –0.004 | –0.035 | 0.972 |
Professional activity (non-working) | –1.543 | –0.104 | –1.799 | 0.073 |
Socio–economic standing (satisfactory) | 4.891 | 0.380 | 6.632 | 0.000 |
Having children: one child | 2.355 | 0.158 | 2.417 | 0.016 |
Having children: two or more children | 1.277 | 0.087 | 1.079 | 0.282 |
BMI | –0.163 | –0.121 | –2.125 | 0.035 |
Time from PCOS diagnosis: 1–5 years | –2.569 | –0.206 | –2.414 | 0.017 |
Time from PCOS diagnosis: 6–10 years | –4.019 | –0.261 | –3.170 | 0.002 |
Time from PCOS diagnosis: more than 10 years | –0.042 | –0.002 | –0.028 | 0.978 |
WHOQOL-BREF—Domains | SWLS | |
---|---|---|
r | p | |
General quality of life | 0.496 | 0.000 |
General health | 0.531 | 0.000 |
Physical health | 0.447 | 0.000 |
Psychological | 0.575 | 0.000 |
Social relationships | 0.581 | 0.000 |
Environment | 0.583 | 0.000 |
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Rzońca, E.; Bień, A.; Wdowiak, A.; Szymański, R.; Iwanowicz-Palus, G. Determinants of Quality of Life and Satisfaction with Life in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 376. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020376
Rzońca E, Bień A, Wdowiak A, Szymański R, Iwanowicz-Palus G. Determinants of Quality of Life and Satisfaction with Life in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(2):376. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020376
Chicago/Turabian StyleRzońca, Ewa, Agnieszka Bień, Artur Wdowiak, Ryszard Szymański, and Grażyna Iwanowicz-Palus. 2018. "Determinants of Quality of Life and Satisfaction with Life in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 2: 376. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020376