Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediment by the Application of Non-Negative Factor Analysis: A Case Study of Dalian Bay
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Data
2.2. FA-NNC Model
2.3. Cosine Similarity
2.4. Monte Carlo Uncertainty Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Diagnostic Tools Application
3.2. Uncertainty Analysis
3.3. FA-NNC Model Performance
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PAHs 9 (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) | Coefficient of Determination | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
acenaphthylene (AcNP) | 0.50 | 0.65 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
acenaphthene (AcN) | 0.49 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
fluorene (Fl) | 0.81 | 0.92 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
phenanthrene (PhA) | 0.77 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
anthracene (An) | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.93 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
fluoranthene (FlA) | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
pyrene (Py) | 0.92 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
benzo[a]anthracene (BaA) | 0.92 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
chrysene (Chr) | 0.90 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
benzo[b] + [k]fluoranthene (Bb + kF) | 0.89 | 0.92 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
benzo[e]pyrene (BeP) | 0.88 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.99 |
benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) | 0.90 | 0.94 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.99 |
indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IP) | 0.76 | 0.80 | 0.93 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DahA) | 0.79 | 0.88 | 0.93 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.99 |
benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP) | 0.66 | 0.70 | 0.86 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 1.00 |
Cumulative variance (%) | 90.70 | 95.82 | 98.40 | 99.03 | 99.56 | 99.87 |
Exner function | 0.0820 | 0.0470 | 0.0292 | 0.0236 | 0.0085 | 0.0039 |
Factor Loadings | Literature PAH Profiles | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Power Plant | Residential Coal | Coke Oven | Gasoline Engine | Diesel Engine | Traffic Tunnel | |
1 of 2 | 0.87 | 0.72 | 0.89 | 0.92 | 0.82 | 0.94 |
2 of 2 | 0.80 | 0.96 | 0.70 | 0.65 | 0.92 | 0.81 |
1 of 3 | 0.86 | 0.71 | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.80 | 0.94 |
2 of 3 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.69 | 0.72 | 0.85 | 0.78 |
3 of 3 | 0.73 | 0.93 | 0.57 | 0.52 | 0.86 | 0.68 |
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Tian, F.-L.; Li, F.-Y.; Wang, D.-G.; Wang, Y.-J. Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediment by the Application of Non-Negative Factor Analysis: A Case Study of Dalian Bay. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 761. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040761
Tian F-L, Li F-Y, Wang D-G, Wang Y-J. Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediment by the Application of Non-Negative Factor Analysis: A Case Study of Dalian Bay. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(4):761. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040761
Chicago/Turabian StyleTian, Fu-Lin, Fa-Yun Li, De-Gao Wang, and Yan-Jie Wang. 2018. "Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediment by the Application of Non-Negative Factor Analysis: A Case Study of Dalian Bay" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 4: 761. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040761