Selenium, Mercury, and Their Molar Ratio in Sportfish from Drinking Water Reservoirs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Site Selection and Sampling
2.2. Fish Tissue Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Mercury
3.2. Selenium
3.3. Selenium:Mercury Molar Ratio
3.4. Selenium Health Benefit Values
4. Discussion
4.1. Mercury
4.2. Selenium
4.3. Selenium:Merucry Molar Ratio
4.4. HBVSe Determination
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Contaminant | Concentration (ppm WW) | Fish Consumption Recommendations by Population Subgroup | |
---|---|---|---|
Women 15–44 Years Old (Childbearing Age) and Children < 15 Years Old | General Public (Males ≥ 15 and Females > 44 Years Old) | ||
Hg | <0.4 | 2 meals/week | 4 meals/week |
0.4–1.0 | do not eat | 1 meal/week | |
>1.0–3.0 | do not eat | 1 meal/month | |
>3.0 | do not eat | do not eat | |
Se | <10 | no advisory | no advisory |
10–20 | 1 meal/week | 1 meal/week | |
>20–50 | 1 meal/month | 1 meal/month | |
>50 | do not eat | do not eat |
Species | Small | Medium | Large |
---|---|---|---|
Bluegill | <115 mm | 115–150 mm | >150 mm |
Crappie | <203 mm | 203–279 mm | >279 mm |
Largemouth bass | <355 mm | 355–432 mm | >432 mm |
Species | Bluegill | Crappie | Largemouth Bass | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lake | Jordan | Michie | Jordan | Michie | Jordan | Michie |
Hg (ppm, wet weight) | ||||||
N | 30 | 27 | 24 | 24 | 31 | 31 |
Mean ± SE | 0.05 ± <0.01 | 0.18 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.29 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.03 | 0.71 ± 0.06 |
Range | 0.01–0.12 | 0.08–0.41 | 0.03–0.15 | 0.12–0.58 | 0.04–0.68 | 0.23–1.66 |
Mean TL | 128 | 135 | 249 | 223 | 365 | 382 |
(mm, and range) | (75–178) | (104–265) | (140–300) | (145–300) | (200–531) | (236–545) |
ANOVA Hg vs. TL, F-Ratio | 1.1432 | 0.0167 | 11.3894 | 4.5751 | 41.3917 | 41.3247 |
ANOVA Hg vs. TL, p-Value | 0.2941 | 0.8981 | 0.0027 | 0.0438 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Se (ppm, wet weight) | ||||||
N | 15 | 12 | 10 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
Mean ± SE | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± <0.01 | 0.09 ± <0.01 | 0.08 ± <0.01 |
Range | 0.01–0.13 | 0.08–0.21 | 0.07–0.13 | 0.08–0.11 | 0.07–0.12 | 0.07–0.10 |
Mean TL | 132 | 135 | 259 | 233 | 376 | 379 |
(mm, and range) | (75–177) | (107–265) | (211–300) | (189–300) | (208–531) | (236–545) |
ANOVA Se vs. TL, F-Ratio | 12.8870 | 13.3951 | 0.3572 | 5.3774 | 8.1846 | 1.2667 |
ANOVA Se vs. TL, p-Value | 0.0033 | 0.0044 | 0.5666 | 0.0388 | 0.0134 | 0.2793 |
Se:Hg Molar Ratio | ||||||
N | 15 | 12 | 10 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
Mean ± SE | 6.18 ± 0.59 | 2.70 ± 0.40 | 5.67 ± 0.72 | 1.04 ± 0.13 | 1.67 ± 0.37 | 0.44 ± 0.07 |
Range | 2.17–11.50 | 1.25–5.23 | 3.30–9.36 | 0.51–1.98 | 0.40–4.82 | 0.16–1.04 |
Mean TL | 132 | 135 | 259 | 233 | 376 | 379 |
(mm, and range) | (75–177) | (107–265) | (211–300) | (189–300) | (208–531) | (236–545) |
ANOVA Se:Hg vs. TL, F-Ratio | 2.0049 | 3.7044 | 11.3559 | 2.3819 | 68.9019 | 48.4018 |
ANOVA Se:Hg vs. TL, p-Value | 0.1803 | 0.0832 | 0.0098 | 0.1487 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Lake | Species | N | HBVSe Mean ± SE | HBVSe Range |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jordan | ||||
Bluegill | 15 | 1.24 ± 0.11 | 0.11–1.58 | |
Crappie | 10 | 1.24 ± 0.07 | 0.90–1.63 | |
Largemouth Bass | 15 | −0.85 ± 0.62 | −6.50–1.03 | |
Michie | ||||
Bluegill | 12 | 1.46 ± 0.18 | 0.36–2.49 | |
Crappie | 14 | −0.62 ± 0.40 | −3.88–0.99 | |
Largemouth Bass | 16 | −12.03 ± 3.53 | −51.90–0.10 |
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Johnson, T.K.B.; LePrevost, C.E.; Kwak, T.J.; Cope, W.G. Selenium, Mercury, and Their Molar Ratio in Sportfish from Drinking Water Reservoirs. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 1864. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091864
Johnson TKB, LePrevost CE, Kwak TJ, Cope WG. Selenium, Mercury, and Their Molar Ratio in Sportfish from Drinking Water Reservoirs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(9):1864. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091864
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohnson, Tara K. B., Catherine E. LePrevost, Thomas J. Kwak, and W. Gregory Cope. 2018. "Selenium, Mercury, and Their Molar Ratio in Sportfish from Drinking Water Reservoirs" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9: 1864. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091864