A Comparison of the Impact of Two Methods of Nutrition-Behavioral Intervention on Selected Auxological and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Prepubertal Children—Crossover Preliminary Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Group
2.2. Dietetic Intervention in the Intensive Intervention Phase
2.3. Dietetic Intervention in the Standard Intervention Phase
2.4. Physical Activity Recommendations in the Intensive Intervention Phase
2.5. Physical Activity Recommendations in the Standard Intervention Phase
2.6. Anthropometric Measurements
2.7. Biochemical Assays, Ultrasound and Blood Pressure Examinations
2.8. Statistics
2.9. Ethics
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mean Change Value [SD] | Intensive Intervention | Standard Intervention | p |
---|---|---|---|
Δ% of weight-to-height excess | −9.8 [11.3] | −2.6 [6.5] | 0.02 * |
ΔBMI SDS | −0.5 [0.5] | −0.2 [0.6] | 0.09 |
Δ body fat (BF%) | −2.9 [2.4] | −1.4 [2.4] | 0.09 |
Δ waist circumference (cm) | −2.2 [5.6] | −1.3 [5.0] | 0.9 |
Δ hip circumference (cm) | −2.4 [2.9] | 0 [2.9] | 0.01 * |
Δ jump length (cm) | 1 [17] | 12 [17] | 0.03 * |
Δ time required for performing 30 crunches (s) | −4.3 [6.1] | −3.3 [6.7] | 0.9 |
Δ systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | −3.8 [11.1] | −0.6 [9.5] | 0.3 |
Δ diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | −1.8 [5.0] | 1.1 [5.0] | 0.2 |
Δ fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | −0.02 [0.3] | 0.08 [0.5] | 0.2 |
Δ fasting blood insulin (µIU/mL) | 1.3 [8.6] | 1.0 [12.0] | 0.5 |
Δ HOMA IR | 0.36 [1.8] | 0.05 [3.5] | 0.7 |
Δ fasting ALT activity (IU/L) | −7.2 [14.6] | −4.4 [15.2] | 0.7 |
Δ fasting AST activity (IU/L) | −2.9 [9.7] | −1.4 [9.5] | 0.5 |
Δ fasting GGT activity (IU/L) | −1.1 [2.6] | 0.6 [5.2] | 0.4 |
Δ fasting creatinine level (µmol/L) | −0.26 [2.5] | 0.3 [3.6] | 0.7 |
Δ eGFR | 2.3 [6.2] | 1.0 [9.2] | 0.8 |
Δ fasting uric acid (µmol/L) | −3.1 [48.8] | 2.2 [40.5] | 0.8 |
Δ fasting total cholesterol (mmol/L) | −0.1 [0.5] | 0.08 [0.6] | 0.5 |
Δ fasting LDL (mmol/L) | −0.1 [0.4] | −0.1 [0.4] | 0.9 |
Δ fasting HDL (mmol/L) | 0.07 [0.1] | 0.03 [0.1] | 0.2 |
Δ fasting TG (mmol/L) | −0.2 [0.6] | 0.1 [0.4] | 0.07 |
Group I | Group II | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | After Intensive Intervention (1st Phase) | After Standard Intervention (2nd Phase) | p Value | Baseline | After Standard Intervention (1st Phase) | After Intensive Intervention (2nd Phase) | p Value | |
mean % of weight-to-height excess [SD] | 46.3 [18.7] | 33 [22.7] (Δ = −13.3) | 29.4 [19.4] (Δ = −3.6) | p = 0.003 * p = 0.9 ** | 58.8 [13.3] | 51 [19] (Δ = −7.9) | 45.6 [16.2] (Δ = − 5.4) | p = 0.03 * p = 0.08 ** |
mean BMI SDS | 3.1 [1.3] | 2.6 [1.6] (Δ = −0.5) | 2.4 [1.4] (Δ = −0.2) | p = 0.006 * p = 0.4 ** | 4.5 [1.8] | 3.8 [1.6] (Δ = −0.8) | 3.5 [1.6] (Δ = −0.3) | p = 0.02 * p = 0.007 ** |
mean body fat (BF%)% | 35 [6.4] | 31.4 [5.9] (Δ = −3.6) | 30 [5.7] (Δ = −1.4) | p = 0.005 * p = 0.5 ** | 38.6 [3.9] | 36.2 [4.7] (Δ = −2,4) | 34 [5.2] (Δ = −2,2) | p = 0.02 * p = 0.007 * |
mean waist circumference (cm) | 81 [12] | 77.2 [10.7] (Δ = −3.8) | 76 [10.4] (Δ = 1.2) | p = 0.1 * p = 0.5 ** | 84 [7.2] | 80.5 [0.4] (Δ = −3.5) | 81 [9.4] (Δ = +0,5) | p = 0.08 * p = 0.07 ** |
mean hip circumference (cm) | 87.9 [11.4] | 85.2 [12] (Δ = −2.7) | 85.3 [11.1] (Δ = +0.1) | p = 0.04 * p = 0.06 | 89.2 [6.7] | 88 [8.4] (Δ = −1.2) | 85.9 [8.6] (Δ = −2.1) | p = 0.3 * p = 0.01 ** |
mean jump length (cm) | 116.4 [18.2] | 113.4 [19.8] (Δ = −3) | 127.1 [15] (Δ = +13.7) | p = 0.2 * p = 0.02 ** | 101.2 [14.7] | 117 [24.8] (Δ = +16.2) | 124 [12.6] (Δ = +7) | p = 0.05 * p = 0.3 ** |
mean time required for performing 30 crunches (s) | 37 [16.2] | 34 [12.5] (Δ = −3) | 31 [7.9] (Δ = −3) | p = 0.03 * p = 0.4 ** | 40 [4.1] | 35.2 [6.7] (Δ = −4.8) | 31 [3.2] (Δ = −4.2) | p = 0.04 * p = 0.06 ** |
systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 105.1 [10.2] | 101.8 [8.7] (Δ = −3.3) | 101.1 [3.3] (Δ = −0.7) | p = 0.3 * p = 0.9 ** | 106.6 [11.4] | 105.5 [8.8] (Δ = −1.1) | 102.2 [8.3] (Δ = −3.3) | p = 0.8 * p = 0.3 ** |
diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 63.2 [4.6] | 60 [0.1] (Δ = −3.2) | 61.1 [3.3] (Δ = 1.1) | p = 0.06 * p = 0.9 ** | 62.2 [5.1] | 63.3 [5] (Δ = +1.1) | 63.3 [5] (Δ = 0) | p = 0.6 * p = 0.9 ** |
fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 4.5 [0.4] | 4.4 [0.2] (Δ = −0.1) | 4.7 [0.3] (Δ = +0.3) | p = 0.8 * p = 0.1 ** | 4.6 [0.7] | 4.6 [0.3] (Δ = 0) | 4.6 [0.3] (Δ = 0) | p = 0.4 * p = 0.8 ** |
fasting blood insulin (µIU/mL) | 13.5 [5.6] | 12.7 [7.1] (Δ = −0.8) | 16.9 [12.5] (Δ = −0.8) | p = 0.4 * p = 0.1 ** | 21.5 [14.6] | 13.6 [7.1] (Δ = −7.9) | 18.7 [15.7] (Δ = +5.1) | p = 0.3 * p = 0.6 ** |
HOMA IR | 2.6 [0.9] | 3.6 [3.2] (Δ = +1) | 1.6 [2.9] (Δ = −2) | p = 0.6 * p = 0.2 ** | 4.6 [3.9] | 2.8 [1.6] (Δ = −1.8) | 3.9 [3.4] (Δ = +1.1) | p = 0.03 * p = 0.1 ** |
fasting ALT activity (IU/L) | 32.3 [6.2] | 25.7 [5.9] (Δ = −6.6) | 25 [7.8] (Δ = −0.7) | p = 0.01 * p = 0.8 ** | 45.4 [10.9] | 38.6 [25.7] (Δ = −6.8) | 30.7 [7.7] (Δ = −7.9) | p = 0.1 * p = 0.4 ** |
fasting AST activity (IU/L) | 29.1 [4.5] | 27.8 [2.8] (Δ = −1.3) | 27.7 [4.0] (Δ = −0.1) | p = 0.6 * p = 0.3 ** | 33.3 [8.2] | 33.3 [16.6] (Δ = 0) | 28.5 [4.3] (Δ = −4.8) | p = 0.2 * p = 0.4 ** |
fasting GGT activity (IU/L) | 18 [6.4] | 16 [5.1] (Δ = −2) | 17.4 [10.6] (Δ = +1.4) | p = 0.2 * p = 0.32 ** | 18.8 [3.8] | 17.2 [3.8] (Δ = −1.6) | 16.9 [4.5] (Δ = −0.3) | p = 0.08 * p = 0.1 ** |
fasting creatinine level (µmol/L) | 43.6 [4.8] | 42.9 [5.0] (Δ = −0.7) | 45.2 [6.4] (Δ = +2.3) | p = 0.4 * p = 0.8 ** | 41.7 [3.9] | 41.5 [3.4] (Δ = −0.2) | 42.4 [4.0] (Δ = +0.9) | p = 0.5 * p = 0.9 ** |
eGFR | 118.5 [16.8] | 122.3 [19.7] (Δ = +3.8) | 117.8 [16.5] (Δ = −4.5) | p = 0.08 * p = 0.6 ** | 121.6 [12.5] | 123 [8.2] (Δ = +1.4) | 124 [9.9] (Δ = +1) | p = 0.6 * p = 0.9 ** |
fasting uric acid (µmol/L) | 286.2 [76.2] | 266.3 [76] (Δ = −19.9) | 270.9 [89.1] (Δ = +4.6) | p = 0.5 * p = 0.8 ** | 322.5 [37.1] | 319.9 [51.6] (Δ = −2.6) | 325.2 [31.4] (Δ = +5.3) | p = 0.9 * p = 0.4 * |
fasting total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.5 [0.9] | 4.3 [0.6] (Δ = −0.2) | 4.5 [0.6] (Δ = +0.2) | p = 0.1 * p = 0.3 ** | 4.4 [0.6] | 4.3 [0.6] (Δ = −0.1) | 4.4 [0.6] (Δ = +0.1) | p = 0.6 * p = 0.5 ** |
fasting LDL (mmol/L) | 2.8 [0.7] | 2.6 [0.6] (Δ = −0.2) | 2.5 [0.5] (Δ = −0.1) | p = 0.1 * p = 0.7 ** | 2.8 [0.5] | 2.5 [0.6] (Δ = −0.3) | 2.5 [0.5] (Δ = 0) | p = 0.7 * p = 0.2 ** |
fasting HDL (mmol/L) | 1.1 [0.2] | 1.2 [0.2] (Δ = +0.1) | 1.3 [0.3] (Δ = +0.1) | p = 0.04 * p = 0.2 ** | 1.1 [0.3] | 1.1 [0.4] (Δ = 0) | 1.2 [0.3] (Δ = +0.1) | p = 0.8 * p = 0.04 ** |
fasting TG (mmol/L) | 1.4 [1.3] | 1.1 [0.9] (Δ = −0.3) | 1.4 [1.3] (Δ = +0.1) | p = 0.06 * p = 0.07 ** | 1.5 [0.5] | 1.4 [0.6] (Δ = −1) | 1.3 [0.5] (Δ = −1) | p = 0.5 * p = 0.7 ** |
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Kozioł-Kozakowska, A.; Wójcik, M.; Furtak, A.; Januś, D.; Starzyk, J.B. A Comparison of the Impact of Two Methods of Nutrition-Behavioral Intervention on Selected Auxological and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Prepubertal Children—Crossover Preliminary Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2841. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162841
Kozioł-Kozakowska A, Wójcik M, Furtak A, Januś D, Starzyk JB. A Comparison of the Impact of Two Methods of Nutrition-Behavioral Intervention on Selected Auxological and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Prepubertal Children—Crossover Preliminary Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(16):2841. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162841
Chicago/Turabian StyleKozioł-Kozakowska, Agnieszka, Małgorzata Wójcik, Aleksandra Furtak, Dominika Januś, and Jerzy B. Starzyk. 2019. "A Comparison of the Impact of Two Methods of Nutrition-Behavioral Intervention on Selected Auxological and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Prepubertal Children—Crossover Preliminary Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16: 2841. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162841