The Potential Impact of the New York State Smokers’ Quitline on Population-Level Smoking Rates in New York
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
Data
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Lichtenstein, E.; Zhu, S.H.; Tedeschi, G.J. Smoking cessation quitlines: An underrecognized intervention success story. Am. Psychol. 2010, 65, 252–261. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs—2014; Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health: Atlanta, GA, USA, 2014.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: 50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health: Atlanta, GA, USA, 2014.
- Zhang, L.; Vickerman, K.; Malarcher, A.; Carpenter, K. Changes in quitline caller characteristics during a national tobacco education campaign. Nicotine Tob. Res. 2015, 17, 1161–1166. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fiore, M.C. Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service: Rockville, MD, USA, 2008.
- Schauer, G.L.; Malarcher, A.M.; Zhang, L.; Engstrom, M.C.; Zhu, S.H. Prevalence and correlates of quitline awareness and utilization in the United States: An update from the 2009–2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey. Nicotine Tob. Res. 2014, 16, 544–553. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- North American Quitline Consortium (NAQC). Measuring Reach of Quitline Programs. Quality Improvement Initiative; North American Quitline Consortium: Phoenix, AZ, USA, 2009.
- Ossip-Klein, D.J.; McIntosh, S. Quitlines in North America: Evidence base and applications. Am. J. Med. Sci. 2003, 326, 201–205. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Woods, S.S.; Haskins, A.E. Increasing reach of quitline services in a US state with comprehensive tobacco treatment. Tob. Control 2007, 16 (Suppl. 1), i33–i36. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bush, T.M.; McAfee, T.; Deprey, M.; Mahoney, L.; Fellows, J.L.; McClure, J.; Cushing, C. The impact of a free nicotine patch starter kit on quit rates in a state quit line. Nicotine Tob. Res. 2008, 10, 1511–1516. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Campbell, H.S.; Baskerville, N.B.; Hayward, L.M.; Brown, K.S.; Ossip, D.J. The reach ratio—A new indicator for comparing quitline reach into smoking subgroups. Nicotine Tob. Res. 2014, 16, 491–495. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Duke, J.C.; Mann, N.; Davis, K.C.; MacMonegle, A.; Allen, J.; Porter, L. The impact of a state-sponsored mass media campaign on use of telephone quitline and web-based cessation services. Prev. Chronic Dis. 2014, 11, E225. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Keller, P.A.; Feltracco, A.; Bailey, L.A.; Li, Z.; Niederdeppe, J.; Baker, T.B.; Fiore, M.C. Changes in tobacco quitlines in the United States, 2005–2006. Prev. Chronic Dis. 2010, 7, A36. [Google Scholar]
- Cummins, S.E.; Bailey, L.; Campbell, S.; Koon-Kirby, C.; Zhu, S.H. Tobacco cessation quitlines in North America: A descriptive study. Tob. Control 2007, 16, i9–i15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mann, N.; Nonnemaker, J.; Chapman, L.; Shaikh, A.; Thompson, J.; Juster, H. Comparing the New York State Smokers’ Quitline Reach, Services Offered, and Quit Outcomes to 44 Other State Quitlines, 2010–2015. Am. J. Health Promot. 2018, 32, 1264–1272. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking & Tobacco Use: National Tobacco Control. Program.; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health: Atlanta, GA, USA, 2018.
- New York State Department of Health. The New York State Tobacco Control. Program. (NYS TCP); New York State Department of Health: Albany, NY, USA, 2018.
- Saul, J.E.; Bonito, J.A.; Provan, K.; Ruppel, E.; Leischow, S.J. Implementation of tobacco cessation quitline practices in the United States and Canada. Am. J. Public Health 2014, 104, e98–e105. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Duke, J.C.; Davis, K.C.; Alexander, R.L.; MacMonegle, A.J.; Fraze, J.L.; Rodes, R.M.; Beistle, D.M. Impact of a U.S. antismoking national media campaign on beliefs, cognitions and quit intentions. Health Educ. Res. 2015, 30, 466–483. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Davis, K.C.; Alexander, R.L., Jr.; Shafer, P.; Mann, N.; Malarcher, A.; Zhang, L. The Dose-Response Relationship Between Tobacco Education Advertising and Calls to Quitlines in the United States, March-June, 2012. Prev. Chronic Dis. 2015, 12, E191. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Davis, K.C.; Farrelly, M.C.; Duke, J.; Kelly, L.; Willett, J. Antismoking media campaign and smoking cessation outcomes, New York State, 2003–2009. Prev. Chronic Dis. 2012, 9, E40. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Farrelly, M.C.; Hussin, A.; Bauer, U.E. Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of television, radio and print advertisements in promoting the New York smokers’ quitline. Tob. Control 2007, 16 (Suppl. 1), i21–i23. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Farrelly, M.C.; Davis, K.C.; Nonnemaker, J.M.; Kamyab, K.; Jackson, C. Promoting calls to a quitline: Quantifying the influence of message theme, strong negative emotions and graphic images in television advertisements. Tob. Control 2011, 20, 279–284. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, L.; Malarcher, A.; Babb, S.; Mann, N.; Davis, K.; Campbell, K.; Schauer, G.; Alexander, R.; Debrot, K.; Rodes, R. The impact of a National Tobacco Education Campaign on state-specific quitline calls. Am. J. Health Promot. 2016, 30, 374–381. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stead, L.F.; Buitrago, D.; Preciado, N.; Sanchez, G.; Hartmann-Boyce, J.; Lancaster, T. Physician advice for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2013. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ong, M.K.; Zhou, Q.; Sung, H.Y. Primary care providers advising smokers to quit: Comparing effectiveness between those with and without alcohol, drug, or mental disorders. Nicotine Tob. Res. 2011, 13, 1193–1201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Quitting smoking among adults—United States 2001–2010. MMWR 2011, 60, 1513–1519. [Google Scholar]
Estimation Inputs/Parameters | Follow-Up Survey Respondents | Intent-to-Treat |
Total adult population in New York (Census) | 15,565,000 | 15,565,000 |
Prevalence of current adult cigarette smoking (BRFSS) | 14.20% | 14.20% |
Number of current adult cigarette smokers | 2,210,000 | 2,210,000 |
Annual number of quitline clients who received counseling and/or free NRT | 51,200 | 51,200 |
Quitline quit rate: percentage of quitline clients smoke-free for 6-months or longer at 7 months after use of quitline services | 10.62% | 5.76% |
Estimation Results | Follow-Up Survey Respondents | Intent-to-Treat |
Quitline quitters: number of quitline clients smoke-free for 6 months or longer at 7 months after use of quitline services | 5400 | 2900 |
Current adult cigarette smokers minus quitline quitters | 2,204,600 | 2,207,100 |
State-level quit rate associated with quitline quitters | 0.24% | 0.13% |
Estimated prevalence of current adult cigarette smoking associated with quitline quitters | 14.16% | 14.18% |
Estimated absolute change in annual state-level smoking prevalence associated with quitline quitters | −0.04% | −0.02% |
Measure | Actual NY Quitline Reach | CDC Best Practices Recommended Reach (8%) | NAQC Recommended Reach (16%) |
---|---|---|---|
Annual quitline reach | 2.3% | 8.0% | 16.0% |
Annual quitline clients receiving counseling and/or free NRT | 51,200 | 177,000 | 354,000 |
Ratio of simulated quitline clients to actual quitline clients | 1.0 | 3.5 | 6.9 |
Annual television media costs | $5.77 million | $20.00 million | $39.81 million |
Annual quitline operational costs | $2.94 million | $10.20 million | $20.31 million |
Total annual New York Tobacco Control Program (NY TCP) budget | $39.30 million | $39.30 million | $39.30 million |
Annual television media costs as a percentage of total NY TCP budget | 15% | 51% | 102% |
Annual quitline operational costs as a percentage of Total NY TCP budget | 7% | 26% | 52% |
Quitline quit rate: Percentage of quitline clients smoke-free for 6-months months or longer at 7-months after use of quitline services | 10.62% [RR] 5.76% [ITT] | 10.62% [RR] 5.76% [ITT] | 10.62% [RR] 5.76% [ITT] |
Quitline quitters: Number of quitline clients smoke-free for 6 months or longer at 7-months after use of QL services | 5400 [RR] 2900 [ITT] | 18,800 [RR] 10,200 [ITT] | 37,600 [RR] 20,400 [ITT] |
Current adult cigarette smokers minus quitline quitters | 2,204,600 [RR] 2,207,100 [ITT] | 2,191,200 [RR] 2,199,800 [ITT] | 2,172,400 [RR] 2,189,600 [ITT] |
State-level quit rate associated with quitline quitters | 0.24% [RR] 0.13% [ITT] | 0.85% [RR] 0.46% [ITT] | 1.70% [RR] 0.92% [ITT] |
Estimated statewide prevalence of current adult cigarette smoking (Actual statewide current adult smokers minus quitline quitters) | 14.16% [RR] 14.18% [ITT] | 14.08% [RR] 14.13 [ITT] | 13.96% [RR] 14.07% [ITT] |
Absolute reduction in statewide adult smoking prevalence associated with quitline quitters | −0.04% [RR] −0.02% [ITT] | −0.12% [RR] −0.07% [ITT] | −0.24% [RR] −0.13% [ITT] |
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Mann, N.; Nonnemaker, J.; Davis, K.; Chapman, L.; Thompson, J.; Juster, H.R. The Potential Impact of the New York State Smokers’ Quitline on Population-Level Smoking Rates in New York. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 4477. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224477
Mann N, Nonnemaker J, Davis K, Chapman L, Thompson J, Juster HR. The Potential Impact of the New York State Smokers’ Quitline on Population-Level Smoking Rates in New York. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(22):4477. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224477
Chicago/Turabian StyleMann, Nathan, James Nonnemaker, Kevin Davis, LeTonya Chapman, Jesse Thompson, and Harlan R. Juster. 2019. "The Potential Impact of the New York State Smokers’ Quitline on Population-Level Smoking Rates in New York" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22: 4477. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224477