Temporal Trends and Recent Correlates in Sedentary Behaviors among Chinese Adults from 2002 to 2010–2012
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Sedentary Behaviors (SB)
2.4. Sociodemographic Characteristics
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Participants
3.2. Sedentary Behavior Trends
3.3. Correlates of Sedentary Behaviors
3.4. Sensitivity Analysis of the Missing Values
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | 2002 | 2010–2012 |
---|---|---|
Total | 52,697 (100.0) | 131,560 (100.0) |
Gender | ||
Female | 27,737 (52.6) | 73,282 (55.7) |
Male | 24,960 (47.4) | 58,278 (44.3) |
Age group(year) | ||
18–29.9 | 7994 (15.2) | 13,820 (10.5) |
30–39.9 | 12,934 (24.5) | 18,779 (14.3) |
40–49.9 | 33,654 (22.1) | 29,810 (22.7) |
50–59.9 | 10,195 (19.3) | 30,898 (23.5) |
≥60 | 9920 (18.8) | 38,253 (29.1) |
Region | ||
Urban | 17,458 (33.1) | 65,219 (49.6) |
Rural | 35,239 (66.9) | 66,341 (50.4) |
Occupation | ||
Employed | 12,625 (24.0) | 31,914 (24.3) |
Farmers | 22,801 (43.3) | 38,717 (29.4) |
Unemployed | 17,271 (32.8) | 60,929 (46.3) |
Marital Status | ||
Yes | 45,889 (87.1) | 115,402 (87.7) |
No | 6808 (12.9) | 16,158 (12.3) |
Educational Level | ||
Illiterate and primary school graduate | 22,267 (42.3) | 54,335 (41.3) |
Middle school graduate | 18,434 (35.0) | 45,767 (34.8) |
High school graduate or higher | 11,996 (22.7) | 31,458 (23.9) |
Family economic level | ||
Grade 1 | 7562 (14.3) | 35,498 (27.0) |
Grade 2 | 15,681 (29.8) | 32,381 (24.6) |
Grade 3 | 15,295 (29.0) | 25,225 (19.2) |
Grade 4 | 9050 (17.2) | 23,925 (18.2) |
Grade 5 | 5109 (9.7) | 14,531 (11.0) |
Variables | Total SB | Leisure Time SB | Occupational SB # | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2002 | 2010–2012 | 2002 | 2010–2012 | 2002 | 2010–2012 | |
Total | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) ** | 2.0 (1.5–3.0) | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) ** | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) ** |
Gender | ||||||
Female | 2.0 (1.5–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) ** | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) ** | 5.0 (2.5–6.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) ** |
Male | 3.0 (2.0–6.0) | 3.0 (2.0–6.0) ** | 2.5 (1.5–3.5) | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) ** | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 3.0 (2.0–6.0) ** |
Age group (year) | ||||||
18–29.9 | 3.5 (2.0–7.0) | 4.0 (2.5–6.5) ** | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) ** | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) ** |
30–39.9 | 3.0 (2.0–6.0) | 3.0 (2.0–6.0) ** | 2.0 (1.5–3.0) | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) ** | 4.0 (2.5–6.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) ** |
40–49.9 | 3.0 (2.0–5.5) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) ** | 2.0 (1.5–3.0) | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) ** | 4.0 (3.0–6.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) ** |
50–59.9 | 2.0 (1.5–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) ** | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) ** | 4.0 (3.0–6.0) | 3.0 (2.0–6.0) ** |
≥60 | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.5 (2.0–4.0) ** | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (2.0–4.0) ** | 4.6 (3.0–6.0) | 3.0 (1.0–5.0) ** |
Region | ||||||
Urban | 4.0 (2.5–7.5) | 4.0 (2.0–7.0) ** | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) ** | 5.0 (2.0–6.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) ** |
Rural | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) ** | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) ** | 6.0 (4.0–8.0) | 5.0 (3.0–8.0) ** |
Occupation | ||||||
Employed | 7.5 (5.0–10.0) | 6.0 (4.0–9.0) ** | 3.0(2.0–4.0) | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) ** | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) ** |
Farmers | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) ** | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) ** | / | / |
Unemployed | 2.5 (1.5–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) ** | 2.5 (1.5–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) ** | / | / |
Marital Status | ||||||
Yes | 2.9 (2.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) ** | 2.0 (1.5–3.0) | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) ** | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) ** |
No | 3.0 (2.0–6.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) ** | 2.5 (1.5–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) ** | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) ** |
Educational Level | ||||||
Illiterate and primary school graduate | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (2.0–4.0) ** | 2.0 (1.0–2.5) | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) ** | 4.0 (1.5–6.0) | 2.0 (1.0–5.0) ** |
Middle school graduate | 3.0 (2.0–4.5) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) ** | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | 2.3 (2.0–3.0) ** | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 3.0 (1.0–5.0) ** |
High school graduate or higher | 6.0 (3.0–9.0) | 5.0 (3.0–8.0) ** | 3.0(2.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) ** | 5.0 (3.0–6.0) | 5.0 (3.0–6.0) ** |
Family economic level | ||||||
Grade 1 | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) ** | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) ** | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 3.0 (1.0–5.0) ** |
Grade 2 | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) ** | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) ** | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 3.0 (1.0–5.0) ** |
Grade 3 | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.5–3.0) ** | 2.0 (1.5–3.0) | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) ** | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) ** |
Grade 4 | 4.5 (2.5–8.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.5) ** | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) ** | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) ** |
Grade 5 | 5.5 (3.0–9.0) | 5.0 (3.0–8.0) ** | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) ** | 5.0 (3.0–6.0) | 5.0 (3.0–7.0) ** |
Variables | Total SB Time ≥ 4 h/d | Leisure SB Time ≥ 3 h/d | Occupational SB Time ≥ 4 h/d | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2002 | 2010–2012 | Absolute Change (%) | Relative Change (%) | 2002 | 2010–2012 | Absolute Change (%) | Relative Change (%) | 2002 | 2010–2012 | Absolute Change (%) | Relative Change (%) | |
Total | 35.4 | 43.0 | +7.6 ** | +21.5 | 42.0 | 48.0 | +6.0 ** | +14.3 | 63.4 | 53.0 | −10.4 ** | −16.4 |
Gender | ||||||||||||
Female | 29.8 | 38.3 | +8.5** | +28.5 | 38.0 | 46.1 | +8.1 ** | +21.3 | 66.4 | 59.7 | −6.7 ** | −10.1 |
Male | 40.8 | 47.6 | +6.8** | +16.7 | 46.0 | 49.8 | +3.8 ** | +8.3 | 61.6 | 49.1 | −12.5 ** | −20.3 |
Age group (year) | ||||||||||||
18–29.9 | 47.8 | 55.5 | +7.7 ** | +16.1 | 53.2 | 55.5 | +2.3 * | +4.3 | 60.7 | 54.3 | −6.4 ** | −10.5 |
30–39.9 | 38.3 | 49.1 | +10.8 ** | +28.2 | 41.0 | 44.7 | +3.7 ** | +9.0 | 64.7 | 55.8 | −8.9 ** | −13.8 |
40–49.9 | 36.2 | 41.3 | +5.1 ** | +14.1 | 38.9 | 44.4 | +5.5 ** | +14.1 | 65.1 | 50.7 | −14.4 ** | −22.1 |
50–59.9 | 26.5 | 33.6 | +7.1 ** | +26.8 | 37.3 | 45.6 | +8.3 ** | +22.3 | 66.2 | 48.5 | −17.7 ** | −26.7 |
≥60 | 19.8 | 27.3 | +7.5 ** | +37.9 | 34.5 | 47.3 | +12.8 ** | +37.1 | 63.2 | 41.3 | −21.9 ** | −34.7 |
Region | ||||||||||||
Urban | 56.3 | 45.2 | −11.1 ** | −19.7 | 57.6 | 51.8 | −5.8 ** | −10.1 | 65.3 | 59.2 | −6.1 ** | −9.3 |
Rural | 25.3 | 31.8 | +6.5 ** | +25.7 | 34.6 | 44.5 | +9.9 ** | +28.6 | 61.3 | 41.4 | −19.9 ** | −32.5 |
Occupation | ||||||||||||
Employed | 86.9 | 83.1 | −3.8 ** | −4.4 | 57.3 | 45.9 | −11.4 ** | −19.9 | 63.4 | 53.0 | −10.4 ** | −16.4 |
Farmers | 9.6 | 14.4 | +4.8 ** | +50.0 | 28.7 | 40.8 | +12.1 ** | +42.2 | / | / | / | / |
Unemployed | 27.6 | 30.5 | +2.9 ** | +10.5 | 47.5 | 54.7 | +7.2 ** | +15.2 | / | / | / | / |
Marital Status | ||||||||||||
Yes | 33.8 | 40.8 | +7.0 ** | +20.7 | 40.6 | 46.1 | +5.5 ** | +13.5 | 64.2 | 52.9 | −11.3 ** | −17.6 |
No | 41.6 | 52.9 | +11.3 ** | +27.2 | 47.8 | 56.2 | +8.4 ** | +17.6 | 60.9 | 53.5 | −7.4 ** | −12.2 |
Educational Level | ||||||||||||
Illiterate and primary school graduate | 13.0 | 26.1 | +13.1 ** | +100.8 | 24.3 | 42.0 | +17.7 ** | +72.8 | 51.6 | 35.8 | −15.8 ** | −30.6 |
Middle school graduate | 35.1 | 40.9 | +5.8 ** | +16.5 | 44.9 | 48.8 | +3.9 ** | +8.7 | 57.4 | 42.5 | −14.9 ** | −26.0 |
High school graduate or higher | 71.1 | 65.7 | −5.4 ** | −7.6 | 65.5 | 53.8 | −11.7 ** | −17.9 | 69.3 | 65.3 | −4.0 ** | −5.8 |
Family economic level | ||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 14.7 | 29.3 | +14.6 ** | +99.3 | 26.8 | 42.9 | +16.1 ** | +60.1 | 54.5 | 39.0 | −15.5 ** | −28.4 |
Grade 2 | 21.1 | 37.6 | +16.5 ** | +78.2 | 33.5 | 47.2 | +13.7 ** | +40.9 | 59.2 | 44.0 | −15.2 ** | −25.7 |
Grade 3 | 36.6 | 45.7 | +9.1 ** | +24.9 | 42.5 | 49.1 | +6.6 ** | +15.5 | 59.4 | 50.8 | −8.6 ** | −14.5 |
Grade 4 | 57.3 | 54.1 | −3.2 ** | −5.6 | 56.1 | 52.0 | −4.1 ** | −7.3 | 65.0 | 60.0 | −5.0 ** | −7.7 |
Grade 5 | 69.6 | 64.3 | −5.3 ** | −7.6 | 66.0 | 53.3 | −12.7 * | −19.2 | 72.2 | 68.1 | −4.1 ** | −5.7 |
Independent Variables | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Intervals) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Total SB Time ≥ 4 h/d | Leisure SB Time ≥ 3 h/d | Occupational SB # Time ≥ 4 h/d | |
Gender | |||
Female | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Male | 1.10 (1.10–1.11) | 1.27 (1.27–1.28) | 0.74 (0.74–0.74) |
Age group (year) | |||
18–29.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
30–39.9 | 0.78 (0.77–0.78) | 0.75 (0.75–0.75) | 1.03 (1.03–1.04) |
40–49.9 | 0.73 (0.73–0.73) | 0.76 (0.76–0.76) | 0.95 (0.95–0.96) |
50–59.9 | 0.68 (0.68–0.69) | 0.72 (0.72–0.73) | 0.90 (0.89–0.90) |
≥60 | 0.75 (0.75–0.75) | 0.69 (0.68–0.69) | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) |
Region | |||
Rural | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Urban | 1.26 (1.26–1.27) | 1.12 (1.12–1.12) | 1.31 (1.30–1.31) |
Occupation | |||
Unemployed | 1.0 | 1.0 | / |
Farmers | 0.52 (0.52–0.52) | 0.65 (0.65–0.66) | / |
Employed | 9.56 (9.55–9.56) | 0.55 (0.55–0.55) | / |
Marital Status | |||
Yes | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
No | 1.28 (1.27–1.28) | 1.29 (1.28–1.29) | 0.90 (0.89–0.90) |
Educational Level | |||
Illiterate and primary school graduate | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Middle school graduate | 1.11 (1.10–1.11) | 1.20 (1.19–1.20) | 1.26 (1.25–1.26) |
High school graduate or higher | 1.53 (1.53–1.53) | 1.35 (1.35–1.36) | 2.50 (2.49–2.50) |
Family economic level | |||
Grade 1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Grade 2 | 1.12 (1.11–1.12) | 1.16 (1.16–1.16) | 1.12 (1.14–1.15) |
Grade 3 | 1.26 (1.26–1.27) | 1.21 (1.20–1.21) | 1.34 (1.33–1.34) |
Grade 4 | 1.46 (1.45–1.46) | 1.31 (1.30–1.31) | 1.72 (1.71–1.72) |
Grade 5 | 1.65 (1.64–1.65) | 1.36 (1.36–1.37) | 2.11 (2.11–2.12) |
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Ding, C.; Feng, G.; Yuan, F.; Gong, W.; Yao, Y.; Ma, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, A. Temporal Trends and Recent Correlates in Sedentary Behaviors among Chinese Adults from 2002 to 2010–2012. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010158
Ding C, Feng G, Yuan F, Gong W, Yao Y, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Liu A. Temporal Trends and Recent Correlates in Sedentary Behaviors among Chinese Adults from 2002 to 2010–2012. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(1):158. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010158
Chicago/Turabian StyleDing, Caicui, Ganyu Feng, Fan Yuan, Weiyan Gong, Yecheng Yao, Yanning Ma, Yan Zhang, and Ailing Liu. 2020. "Temporal Trends and Recent Correlates in Sedentary Behaviors among Chinese Adults from 2002 to 2010–2012" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1: 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010158