A Cross-International Study to Evaluate Knowledge and Attitudes Related to Basic Life Support among Undergraduate Nursing Students—A Questionnaire Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistical Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Limitations of the Study
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AED | Automated External Defibrillation |
AHA | American Heart Association |
BLS | Basic Life Support |
CPR | Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation |
ERC | European Resuscitation Council |
HFMS | High-fidelity Mannequin Simulator |
K-S | the Kolmogorov–Smirnov |
References
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Parameters | n | % |
---|---|---|
Country | ||
Poland | 189 | 25.3 |
Lithuania | 500 | 66.8 |
Spain | 59 | 7.9 |
Gender | ||
Female | 709 | 94.8 |
Male | 39 | 5.2 |
Name of the school/university in which you study nursing | ||
Medical University of Gdańsk | 189 | 25.3 |
Kauno Kolegija | 91 | 12.2 |
Klaipedos Valstybine Kolegija | 134 | 17.9 |
Panevezio Kolegija | 28 | 3.7 |
Siauliu Valstybine Kolegija | 82 | 11.0 |
University of Barcelona | 59 | 7.9 |
Utenos Kolegija | 49 | 6.6 |
Vilniaus Kolegija | 116 | 15.5 |
Did you have any professional title in the area of healthcare before starting your nursing studies? | ||
Yes | 88 | 11.8 |
No | 660 | 88.20 |
Year of study | ||
First | 273 | 36.5 |
Second | 1 | 0.1 |
Third | 70 | 9.4 |
Fourth | 404 | 54.0 |
Semester of study | ||
1 | 65 | 8.7 |
2 | 262 | 35.0 |
4 | 1 | 0.1 |
6 | 70 | 9.4 |
7 | 346 | 46.3 |
8 | 4 | 0.5 |
Have you ever administered first aid in a non-hospital setting? | ||
Yes | 174 | 23.3 |
No | 574 | 76.7 |
Which first aid courses have you completed? | ||
First aid course being part of my driving course | 563 | 51.0 |
Advanced first aid course | 61 | 5.5 |
First aid course that I took as part of my secondary school curriculum | 277 | 25.1 |
First aid course arranged by my employer | 100 | 9.1 |
Other | 103 | 9.3 |
Knowledge | n | % |
---|---|---|
What does the abbreviation BLS stand for? | ||
Best Life Support | 141 | 18.9 |
Basic Life Support | 496 | 66.5 |
Basic Lung Support | 41 | 5.5 |
Basic Life Service | 68 | 9.1 |
You find your friend in the middle of the road—he is unconscious, does not react, and does not breathe properly. What do you do first? | ||
I clear his airways | 75 | 10.1 |
I make sure we are both safe | 573 | 76.8 |
Begin to give him chest compressions | 79 | 10.6 |
I give him two rescue breaths | 19 | 2.5 |
Having confirmed that the victim does not react even to strong stimuli such as shaking or loud shouts for help, what will you do next? | ||
Call an ambulance | 571 | 76.5 |
Perform cardiovascular resuscitation | 107 | 14.3 |
Place him in the recovery position | 25 | 3.4 |
Continue observations | 43 | 5.8 |
The correct place for the compression of the chest in an adult is: | ||
The left side of the chest | 30 | 4.0 |
The right side of the chest | 9 | 1.2 |
The centre of the chest | 570 | 76.4 |
The xiphoid process | 137 | 18.4 |
The correct place for the compression of the chest in an infant is: | ||
Two fingers placed on the bottom part of the sternum | 156 | 21.1 |
Two fingers placed in the area of the xiphoid process | 93 | 12.6 |
Two fingers placed in the central part of the sternum on the breast line | 436 | 58.8 |
Two fingers placed on the top part of the sternum | 56 | 7.6 |
The correct depth for chest compression in children during BLS is: | ||
1/3 of the chest depth | 523 | 70.3 |
1 and a half of the chest depth | 51 | 6.9 |
1/2 of the chest depth | 157 | 21.1 |
2 and a half of the chest depth | 13 | 1.7 |
The correct frequency of chest compressions during CPR for adults and children is: | ||
At least 100 compressions per minute | 317 | 42.9 |
More than 100 compressions per minute | 85 | 11.5 |
80 compressions per minute | 159 | 21.5 |
120 compressions per minute | 178 | 24.1 |
What does the abbreviation AED stand? | ||
Automated External Defibrillator | 231 | 31.0 |
Automated Electrical Defibrillator | 410 | 55.1 |
Advanced Electrical Defibrillator | 66 | 8.9 |
Advanced External Defibrillator | 37 | 5.0 |
If your friend suddenly shows symptoms of choking, what will you do? | ||
Immediately hit his chest several times | 133 | 17.9 |
Compress his epigastrium several times | 419 | 56.2 |
Confirm choking by way of an interview | 174 | 23.4 |
Give him two rescue breaths | 19 | 2.6 |
Rescue breaths in an infant are performed: | ||
Mouth-to-mouth with the nostrils pinched closed | 241 | 32.9 |
Mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose | 251 | 34.3 |
Only mouth-to-nose | 105 | 14.3 |
Mouth-to-mouth without the nostrils pinched closed | 135 | 18.4 |
Practice | ||
Which of the following is the algorithm for basic resuscitation in an adult? | ||
Make sure both you and the victim are safe, give two rescue breaths, perform defibrillation, begin CPR | 40 | 5.4 |
Make sure both you and the victim are safe, call an ambulance, check for a pulse, begin CPR | 509 | 68.5 |
Check for a pulse, give two rescue breaths, make sure both you and the victim are safe, perform defibrillation | 28 | 3.8 |
Make sure both you and the victim are safe, begin CPR, give two rescue breaths, perform defibrilation | 166 | 22.3 |
We check for a pulse in an adult on the: | ||
Carotid artery | 641 | 86.2 |
Brachial artery | 80 | 10.8 |
Femoral artery | 10 | 1.3 |
Temporal artery | 13 | 1.7 |
The ratio of chest compressions to breaths during CPR in adults is: | ||
15:2 | 73 | 9.8 |
15:1 | 37 | 5.0 |
30:1 | 32 | 4.3 |
30:2 | 603 | 80.9 |
The 2015 ERC guidelines concerning basic resuscitation operations recommend the following algorithm of procedure: | ||
Compress the chest, clear the airway, check the breathing | 168 | 22.6 |
Clear the airway, check the breathing, check the pulse | 50 | 6.7 |
Clear the airway, check the breathing, check the pulse | 527 | 70.7 |
The correct placement of defibrillation electrodes from the AED set is on the front chest, always with the long axis parallel to the long axis of the body: | ||
One on the right side of the sternum, below the clavicle; the second one on the 5th intercostal space of the midaxillary line | 437 | 59.4 |
The electrodes may be applied on the chest in any place on both sides of the victim’s sternum | 67 | 9.1 |
One under the left clavicle along the sternum, the second one above the victim’s cardiac apex | 193 | 26.2 |
The electrodes should be placed 2 fingers above the victim’s intercostal angle | 39 | 5.3 |
During the basic resuscitation procedure, the condition of the victim should be assessed: | ||
Every minute | 158 | 21.2 |
Every 5 cycles (30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths) | 496 | 66.6 |
When the victim starts to breathe correctly | 50 | 6.7 |
Before the attachment of the AED electrodes | 41 | 5.5 |
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the use of AED defibrillator? | ||
Switch on the AED, apply the electrodes, discharge, analyse the rhythm | 50 | 6.8 |
Switch on the AED, apply the electrodes, analyse the rhythm, make sure no one touches the victim, discharge | 543 | 73.6 |
Apply the electrodes, check the pulse, discharge, analyse the rhythm | 48 | 6.5 |
Check the pulse, apply the electrodes, analyse the rhythm, discharge | 97 | 13.1 |
Parameter | n | M | SD | Z | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level of knowledge about BLS vs first aid course being part of my driving course | |||||
yes | 185 | 11.09 | 2.49 | 0.22 | 0.82 |
no | 563 | 11.14 | 2.23 | ||
Level of knowledge about BLS vs advanced first aid course | |||||
yes | 686 | 11.12 | 2.28 | 0.47 | 0.64 |
no | 61 | 11.22 | 2.44 | ||
Level of knowledge about BLS vs. first aid course which during secondary school | |||||
yes | 471 | 10.89 | 2.35 | 3.85 | 0.000 * |
no | 277 | 11.53 | 2.14 | ||
Level of knowledge about BLS vs first aid course arranged by employer | |||||
no | 648 | 11.13 | 2.31 | 0.05 | 0.955 |
yes | 100 | 11.1 | 2.21 |
The Level of Knowledge vs Country | n | M | SD | H | df | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Poland | 189 | 12.05 | 1.99 | 38.97 | 2 | 0 |
Lithuania | 500 | 10.77 | 2.31 | |||
Spain/Barcelona | 59 | 11.25 | 2.31 |
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Kwiecień-Jaguś, K.; Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska, W.; Galdikienė, N.; Via Clavero, G.; Kopeć, M. A Cross-International Study to Evaluate Knowledge and Attitudes Related to Basic Life Support among Undergraduate Nursing Students—A Questionnaire Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4116. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114116
Kwiecień-Jaguś K, Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska W, Galdikienė N, Via Clavero G, Kopeć M. A Cross-International Study to Evaluate Knowledge and Attitudes Related to Basic Life Support among Undergraduate Nursing Students—A Questionnaire Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(11):4116. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114116
Chicago/Turabian StyleKwiecień-Jaguś, Katarzyna, Wioletta Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska, Nijolė Galdikienė, Gemma Via Clavero, and Monika Kopeć. 2020. "A Cross-International Study to Evaluate Knowledge and Attitudes Related to Basic Life Support among Undergraduate Nursing Students—A Questionnaire Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11: 4116. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114116