Changes in Sex Life among People in Taiwan during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Risk Perception, General Anxiety, and Demographic Characteristics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Taiwan
1.2. Sex Life during the COVID-19 Pandemic
1.3. Associations of Risk Perception and General Anxiety with Changes in Sex Life
1.4. Demographic Factors of Changes in Sex Life
1.5. The Aims of This Study
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Changes in Sex Life during the COVID-19 Pandemic
2.2.2. Risk Perception of COVID-19
2.2.3. General Anxiety
2.2.4. Demographic Variables
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Changes in Sex Life
3.2. Factors Relating to Changes in Sex Life
3.3. Moderators of the Associations Between Related Factors and Changes in Sex Life
4. Discussion
4.1. Changes in Sex Life
4.2. Factors Relating to Changes in Sex Life
4.3. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | n (%) | Mean (SD) | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Female | 1305 (66.8) | ||
Male | 649 (33.2) | ||
Age (years) | 37.9 (10.8) | 20–74 | |
Sexual orientation | |||
Heterosexual | 1421 (72.7) | ||
Sexual minority | 533 (28.3) | ||
Risk perception of COVID-19 | 2.9 (0.7) | 0.8–5 | |
General anxiety | 23.1 (6.6) | 10–40 | |
Changes in sexual life | |||
Satisfaction with sexual life | |||
Unchanged | 1655 (84.7) | ||
Decreased | 261 (13.4) | ||
Increased | 38 (1.9) | ||
Frequency of sexual activity | |||
Unchanged | 1633 (83.6) | ||
Decreased | 264 (13.5) | ||
Increased | 57 (2.9) | ||
Frequency of sex-seeking activity | |||
Unchanged | 1786 (91.4) | ||
Decreased | 131 (6.7) | ||
Increased | 37 (1.9) | ||
Frequency of protection for sex | |||
Unchanged | 1894 (96.9) | ||
Decreased | 28 (1.4) | ||
Increased | 32 (1.6) |
Satisfaction with Sexual Life | Frequency of Sexual Activity | Frequency of Sex-seeking Activity | Frequency of Protection for Sex | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Decreased a | Increased a | Decreased a | Increased a | Decreased a | Increased a | Decreased a | Increased a | |||||||||
aOR (95% CI) | p | aOR (95% CI) | p | aOR (95% CI) | p | aOR (95% CI) | p | aOR (95% CI) | p | aOR (95% CI) | p | aOR (95% CI) | p | aOR (95% CI) | p | |
Males c | 1.860 (1.392–2.484) | <0.001 | 0.971 (0.479–1.969) | 0.935 | 2.463 (1.857–3.267) | <0.001 | 1.955 (1.118–3.418) | 0.019 | 4.191 (2.794–6.285) | <0.001 | 2.133 (1.079–4.216) | 0.029 | 4.091 (1.841–9.090) | 0.001 | 4.510 (1.949–10.434) | <0.001 |
Age | 0.993 (0.980–1.007) | 0.339 | 0.995 (0.963–1.027) | 0.743 | 1.003 (0.989–1.016) | 0.691 | 0.966 (0.938-0.993) | 0.016 | 1.007 (0.988–1.027) | 0.453 | 0.994 (0.960–1.029) | 0.727 | 1.033 (0.999–1.068) | 0.056 | 0.997 (0.960–1.035) | 0.869 |
Sexual minority b | 1.837 (1.349–2.503) | <0.001 | 1.461 (0.699–3.056) | 0.314 | 1.666 (1.224–2.267) | 0.001 | 1.343 (0.745–2.422) | 0.327 | 4.245 (2.770–6.505) | <0.001 | 2.718 (1.314–5.625) | 0.007 | 1.983 (0.860–4.573) | 0.108 | 1.264 (0.531–3.006) | 0.597 |
Risk perception of COVID-19 | 1.225 (0.981–1.530) | 0.073 | 0.760 (0.453–1.274) | 0.298 | 1.275 (1.024–1.589) | 0.030 | 0.607 (0.396-0.929) | 0.022 | 1.428 (1.042–1.956) | 0.026 | 0.785 (0.464–1.32) | 0.367 | 1.745 (0.966–3.149) | 0.065 | 1.084 (0.585–2.008) | 0.799 |
General anxiety | 1.078 (1.054–1.103) | <0.001 | 0.957 (0.903–1.014) | 0.140 | 1.043 (1.020–1.066) | <0.001 | 1.014 (0.970–1.060) | 0.531 | 1.047 (1.015–1.080) | 0.004 | 1.022 (0.968–1.079) | 0.433 | 1.046 (0.986–1.110) | 0.136 | 1.023 (0.961–1.089) | 0.477 |
Satisfaction with Sexual Life | Frequency of Sexual Activity | Frequency of Sex-seeking Activity | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Decreased b | Decreased b | Increased b | Decreased b | Increased b | ||||||
aOR (95% CI) | p | aOR (95% CI) | p | aOR (95% CI) | p | aOR (95% CI) | p | aOR (95% CI) | p | |
Gender X Age | 0.980 (0.928–1.035) | 0.469 | ||||||||
Gender X Sexual orientation | 1.335 (0.724–2.463) | 0.354 | 2.238 (1.214–4.125) | 0.010 | 3.102 (1.319–7.292) | 0.009 | 2.346 (0.576–9.545) | 0.234 | ||
Gender X Risk perception of COVID-19 | 0.723 (0.455–1.147) | 0.168 | 1.586 (0.725–3.469) | 0.248 | .979 (0.486–1.970) | 0.952 | ||||
Gender X General anxiety | 1.006 (0.964–1.050) | 0.781 | 1.022 (0.974–1.072) | 0.372 | 1.037 (0.967–1.112) | 0.312 | ||||
Age X Risk perception of COVID-19 | 0.994 (0.957–1.033) | 0.772 | ||||||||
Sexual orientation X Risk perception of COVID-19 | 1.027 (0.625–1.686) | 0.917 | 0.898 (0.454–1.774) | 0.756 | ||||||
Sexual orientation X General anxiety | 0.993 (0.980–1.006) | 0.273 | 1.034 (0.984–1.087) | 0.180 | 1.036 (0.967–1.110) | 0.318 |
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Share and Cite
Ko, N.-Y.; Lu, W.-H.; Chen, Y.-L.; Li, D.-J.; Chang, Y.-P.; Wu, C.-F.; Wang, P.-W.; Yen, C.-F. Changes in Sex Life among People in Taiwan during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Risk Perception, General Anxiety, and Demographic Characteristics. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5822. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165822
Ko N-Y, Lu W-H, Chen Y-L, Li D-J, Chang Y-P, Wu C-F, Wang P-W, Yen C-F. Changes in Sex Life among People in Taiwan during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Risk Perception, General Anxiety, and Demographic Characteristics. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(16):5822. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165822
Chicago/Turabian StyleKo, Nai-Ying, Wei-Hsin Lu, Yi-Lung Chen, Dian-Jeng Li, Yu-Ping Chang, Chia-Fen Wu, Peng-Wei Wang, and Cheng-Fang Yen. 2020. "Changes in Sex Life among People in Taiwan during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Risk Perception, General Anxiety, and Demographic Characteristics" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16: 5822. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165822