Gender Convergence in Alcohol Consumption Patterns: Findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2016
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Source and Study Sample
2.2. Study Variables
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Changes in Gender Differences in Alcohol Consumption by Age Group
3.2. Factors Associated with Heavy Alcohol Use and Binge Drinking
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age Group | Female | Male | Gender Gap | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient a | p-Value | Coefficient a | p-Value | Coefficient b | p-Value | ||
Lifetime abstinence | ≥12 (total) | −0.03 | <0.001 | −0.02 | 0.001 | 0.01 | 0.568 |
12–18 | 0.04 | 0.066 | 0.03 | 0.058 | −0.01 | 0.758 | |
19–24 | 0.03 | 0.564 | −0.04 | 0.530 | −0.06 | 0.388 | |
25–34 | −0.04 | 0.253 | 0.01 | 0.876 | 0.04 | 0.405 | |
35–44 | −0.09 | <0.001 | −0.03 | 0.376 | 0.05 | 0.249 | |
45–54 | −0.08 | <0.001 | −0.001 | 0.974 | 0.08 | 0.024 | |
55–64 | −0.09 | <0.001 | −0.07 | 0.011 | 0.01 | 0.664 | |
≥65 | −0.03 | 0.005 | −0.04 | 0.031 | −0.01 | 0.557 | |
Current drinking | ≥12 (total) | 0.01 | 0.211 | −0.01 | 0.430 | −0.01 | 0.135 |
12–18 | 0.01 | 0.778 | 0.03 | 0.151 | 0.02 | 0.550 | |
19–24 | 0.002 | 0.908 | −0.01 | 0.631 | −0.02 | 0.653 | |
25–34 | 0.01 | 0.275 | −0.01 | 0.577 | −0.03 | 0.304 | |
35–44 | 0.01 | 0.213 | −0.01 | 0.479 | −0.03 | 0.197 | |
45–54 | 0.01 | 0.291 | −0.03 | 0.043 | −0.04 | 0.020 | |
55–64 | 0.02 | 0.234 | 0.001 | 0.924 | −0.02 | 0.467 | |
≥65 | 0.01 | 0.279 | 0.01 | 0.363 | −0.001 | 0.927 | |
Age at drinking onset | ≥12 (total) | −0.07 | 0.017 | −0.01 | 0.307 | 0.06 | 0.051 |
12–18 | 0.08 | 0.009 | 0.05 | 0.049 | −0.03 | 0.469 | |
19–24 | 0.04 | 0.070 | 0.11 | <0.001 | 0.08 | 0.012 | |
25–34 | −0.07 | <0.001 | 0.04 | 0.050 | 0.11 | <0.001 | |
35–44 | −0.25 | <0.001 | −0.09 | <0.001 | 0.16 | <0.001 | |
45–54 | −0.55 | <0.001 | −0.11 | <0.001 | 0.44 | <0.001 | |
55–64 | −0.56 | <0.001 | −0.10 | 0.019 | 0.45 | <0.001 | |
≥65 | −0.003 | 0.969 | −0.13 | 0.009 | −0.12 | 0.261 | |
Heavy alcohol use | ≥12 (total) | −0.01 | 0.279 | −0.03 | <0.001 | −0.03 | 0.001 |
12–18 | −0.02 | 0.613 | −0.05 | 0.087 | −0.03 | 0.502 | |
19–24 | −0.01 | 0.566 | −0.06 | 0.011 | −0.05 | 0.140 | |
25–34 | −0.004 | 0.734 | −0.04 | 0.023 | −0.03 | 0.106 | |
35–44 | −0.001 | 0.953 | −0.03 | 0.061 | −0.02 | 0.196 | |
45–54 | 0.02 | 0.181 | −0.04 | 0.008 | −0.05 | 0.003 | |
55–64 | 0.04 | 0.008 | 0.03 | 0.059 | −0.02 | 0.368 | |
≥65 | −0.01 | 0.742 | −0.02 | 0.271 | −0.01 | 0.729 | |
Binge drinking | ≥19 (total) | −0.0001 | 0.994 | −0.03 | <0.001 | −0.03 | <0.001 |
19–24 | −0.01 | 0.701 | −0.04 | 0.079 | −0.03 | 0.301 | |
25–34 | 0.02 | 0.095 | −0.04 | 0.023 | −0.06 | 0.004 | |
35–44 | 0.003 | 0.799 | −0.02 | 0.184 | −0.02 | 0.263 | |
45–54 | 0.0003 | 0.981 | −0.04 | 0.015 | −0.03 | 0.056 | |
55–64 | 0.04 | 0.068 | −0.02 | 0.148 | −0.06 | 0.017 | |
≥65 | 0.02 | 0.527 | −0.01 | 0.354 | −0.03 | 0.333 |
Variable | Category | Heavy Alcohol Use | Binge Drinking | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female | Male | Female | Male | ||
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
Age range (years) | 12–18 | 4.39 (3.17–6.08) | 3.60 (2.73–4.47) | 2.28 (1.42–3.65) | 0.85 (0.58–1.23) |
19–24 | 11.29 (8.66–14.72) | 7.15 (5.55–9.23) | 8.60 (6.44–11.49) | 3.35 (2.65–4.22) | |
25–34 | 8.00 (6.45–9.92) | 6.24 (5.18–7.52) | 9.66 (7.47–12.48) | 3.12 (2.61–3.73) | |
35–44 | 5.65 (4.62–6.91) | 5.02 (4.30–5.86) | 6.40 (5.00–8.19) | 3.01 (2.59–3.49) | |
45–54 | 4.20 (3.48–5.07) | 4.30 (3.71–4.98) | 4.86 (3.85–6.15) | 2.85 (2.46–3.29) | |
55–64 | 2.19 (1.82–2.63) | 2.60 (2.28–2.97) | 2.31 (1.83–2.92) | 2.15 (1.87–2.46) | |
≥65 | reference | reference | reference | reference | |
Household income | ≤24th percentile | 1.37 (1.78–2.06) | 1.04 (0.90–1.20) | 1.32 (4.13–1.56) | 1.10 (0.95–1.27) |
25–49th percentile | 1.11 (0.99–1.24) | 0.98 (0.88–1.10) | 1.14 (1.01–1.29) | 0.91 (0.81–1.02) | |
50–74th percentile | 1.11 (1.00–1.23) | 0.95 (0.85–1.05) | 1.07 (0.96–1.20) | 0.92 (0.82–1.02) | |
≥75th percentile | reference | reference | reference | reference | |
Education | Elementary school | 1.74 (1.48–2.06) | 1.00 (0.86–1.17) | 2.33 (1.92–2.84) | 1.33 (1.15–1.55) |
Middle school | 1.72 (1.47–2.01) | 0.98 (0.85–1.14) | 2.65 (2.22–3.17) | 1.26 (1.08–1.46) | |
High school | 1.79 (1.62–1.98) | 1.13 (1.02–1.25) | 2.03 (1.82–2.26) | 1.17 (1.06–1.30) | |
≥College | reference | reference | reference | reference | |
Employment status | Yes | 1.26 (1.16–1.36) | 1.21 (1.09–1.35) | 1.30 (1.19–1.42) | 1.38 (1.24–1.54) |
No | reference | reference | reference | reference | |
Marital status | Yes | 0.57 (0.48–0.66) | 1.11 (0.95–1.30) | 0.65 (0.55–0.76) | 1.18 (1.03–1.35) |
No | reference | reference | reference | reference | |
Pregnancy | Yes | 0.96 (0.63–1.47) | 1.05 (0.66–1.67) | ||
No | reference | reference |
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Kang, M.; Min, A.; Min, H. Gender Convergence in Alcohol Consumption Patterns: Findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2016. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 9317. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249317
Kang M, Min A, Min H. Gender Convergence in Alcohol Consumption Patterns: Findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2016. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(24):9317. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249317
Chicago/Turabian StyleKang, Minkyung, Ari Min, and Haeyoung Min. 2020. "Gender Convergence in Alcohol Consumption Patterns: Findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2016" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24: 9317. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249317