Understanding the Link between Animal Cruelty and Family Violence: The Bioecological Systems Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Companion Animals in the Family System
1.2. One Health-One Welfare
1.3. The Link—Animal Cruelty and Family Violence
1.3.1. Animal Cruelty as a Marker
1.3.2. Impact of Witnessing Animal Cruelty
1.4. Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Systems Model
1.5. Animal Abuse and Family Violence: Integrating the Bioecological Systems Model
1.6. Transdisciplinary Collaboration: An Approach for the Identification and Prevention of Violence and Protection of Animal and Human Victims
2. Methodology
Ethical Issues
3. The Link between Child Abuse, Animal Abuse, and Family Violence: Four Cases of Connections
3.1. Case 1 Synopsis: The Abuse of Sisters Ena and Mai and Their Dog Bamboo (USA)
3.1.1. Case 1: Contextual Information
3.1.2. Case 1: Analysis Using the Bioecological Systems Theory
3.2. Case 2 Synopsis: The Killing of an Infant in a Family (UK)
3.2.1. Case 2: Contextual Information
3.2.2. Case 2: Analysis Using the Bioecological Systems Theory
3.3. Case 3 Synopsis: A Lack of Timely Intervention in a Troubled Youth Who Brutally Killed a Kitten and Continued Violence a Decade Later (The Netherlands)
3.3.1. Case 3: Contextual Information
3.3.2. Case 3: Analysis Using the Bioecological Systems Theory
3.4. Case 4 Synopsis: Woman and Dog, Who Had Both Been Subjected to Years of Abuse, Rescued by a Veterinarian and Her Transdisciplinary Team (UK)
3.4.1. Case 4: Contextual Information
3.4.2. Case 4: Analysis Using the Bioecological Systems Theory
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Jegatheesan, B.; Enders-Slegers, M.-J.; Ormerod, E.; Boyden, P. Understanding the Link between Animal Cruelty and Family Violence: The Bioecological Systems Model. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3116. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093116
Jegatheesan B, Enders-Slegers M-J, Ormerod E, Boyden P. Understanding the Link between Animal Cruelty and Family Violence: The Bioecological Systems Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(9):3116. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093116
Chicago/Turabian StyleJegatheesan, Brinda, Marie-Jose Enders-Slegers, Elizabeth Ormerod, and Paula Boyden. 2020. "Understanding the Link between Animal Cruelty and Family Violence: The Bioecological Systems Model" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9: 3116. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093116