Left-Behind Children, Parent-Child Communication and Psychological Resilience: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Parental Migration Status and Mental Health
1.2. Parental Migration Status and Parent–Child Communication
1.3. The Current Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measurement of Parent-Child Communication
2.3. Measurement of Children’s Psychological Resilience
2.4. Measurement of Psychological and Behavioral Status of Children
2.5. Covariates
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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G1 | G2 | G3 | F or χ2 | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 1.08 | 0.584 | |||
Male | 678 (54.9) | 257 (55.0) | 137 (51.5) | ||
Female | 558 (45.2) | 210 (45.0) | 129 (48.5) | ||
Age, mean(SD) | 13.1 (1.2) | 13.2 (1.2) | 13.0 (1.2) | 4.25 | 0.014 |
Grade | 7.76 | 0.021 | |||
Grade 5 to 6 | 538 (43.0) | 184 (38.9) | 132 (49.4) | ||
Grade 7 to 8 | 712 (57.0) | 289 (61.1) | 135 (50.6) | ||
Perceived income level compared to community | 5.94 | 0.204 | |||
Much better off /better off | 317 (25.6) | 120 (25.7) | 85 (32.0) | ||
The same | 818 (65.9) | 306 (65.5) | 165 (62.0) | ||
Poorer/much poorer | 106 (8.5) | 41 (8.8) | 16(6.0) | ||
Any siblings | 3.69 | 0.158 | |||
Yes | 820 (65.6) | 314 (66.4) | 192 (71.6) | ||
No | 431 (34.5) | 159 (33.6) | 76 (28.4) | ||
Mother education level | 3.11 | 0.045 | |||
Primary school and below | 424 (33.9) | 184 (38.9) | 93 (34.7) | ||
Secondary school | 548 (43.8) | 191 (40.4) | 98 (36.6) | ||
Senior high school and above | 104 (8.3) | 44 (9.3) | 39 (14.6) | ||
Unknown | 175 (14.0) | 54 (11.4) | 38 (14.2) | ||
Father education level | 5.23 | 0.005 | |||
Primary school and below | 288 (23.0) | 130 (27.5) | 56 (20.9) | ||
Secondary school | 677 (54.1) | 226 (47.8) | 115 (42.9) | ||
Senior high school and above | 134 (10.7) | 65 (13.8) | 61 (22.8) | ||
Unknown | 152 (12.2) | 52 (11.0) | 36 (13.4) |
G1 | G2 | G3 | H | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mother-adolescent communication score | 55.4 (9.7) | 54.1 (9.2) | 56.0 (8.9) | 11.82 ** |
Father-adolescent communication score | 56.1 (10.2) | 54.9 (10.5) | 57.3 (10.1) | 8.41 * |
Psychological resilience score | 81.3 (15.8) | 82.4 (15.3) | 85.5 (17.1) | 14.93 *** |
Total difficulties score | 12.7 (5.4) | 12.5 (5.2) | 11.1 (5.1) | 21.14 *** |
Models | χ2 | df | χ2/df | CFI | TLI | RMSEA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G1 | 170.156 *** | 10 | 17.02 | 0.994 | 0.941 | 0.071 |
G2 | 168.842 *** | 10 | 16.88 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.004 |
G3 | 170.020 *** | 10 | 17.00 | 0.994 | 0.936 | 0.074 |
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Zhou, C.; Lv, Q.; Yang, N.; Wang, F. Left-Behind Children, Parent-Child Communication and Psychological Resilience: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 5123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105123
Zhou C, Lv Q, Yang N, Wang F. Left-Behind Children, Parent-Child Communication and Psychological Resilience: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(10):5123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105123
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Chi, Qiaohong Lv, Nancy Yang, and Feng Wang. 2021. "Left-Behind Children, Parent-Child Communication and Psychological Resilience: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10: 5123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105123