Social Support for People with Morbid Obesity in a Bariatric Surgery Programme: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants and Setting
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Data Analysis
2.5. Rigor
2.6. Ethical Issues
3. Results
3.1. Accepting the Problem in Order to Ask for Help
3.1.1. Social Stigma, the Other Weight of Obesity
I think they look at me,…I don’t go unnoticed and my mind doesn’t rest. If I eat an ice-cream I think that everyone is thinking “well, that’s why she’s so fat”. I can’t go on like this.(IDI1)
My colleagues are always looking out for me “leave that, I’ll do it,” “careful, you might fall, be careful”. I feel like they are pitying me…I don’t want that!(IDI24)
3.1.2. Acknowledging MO
The doctor said that I had to look for solutions but I didn’t want to acknowledge it or look for help…first you have to become aware of the situation yourself.(IDI23)
I sometimes argued with my husband and said “right, now I’m going to have some chocolate”. Then I regretted it and even made myself sick so that I wouldn’t put on weight.(IDI1)
I used to go out more but now I don’t feel like it; I avoid going out with my friends and I go to the beach with my family because I feel more comfortable with them.(IDI8)
I see myself as fat, deformed, I don’t recognise myself. When I get out of the shower, I look at myself in the mirror and I don’t want to see myself, I’m ashamed of my body.(IDI10)
If I were fat but healthy I wouldn’t mind, the problem is that I’m not healthy. I don’t have a complex, I don’t hide myself, but it’s difficult to deal with alone… I need help!(IDI26)
3.1.3. Bariatric Surgery, a Shared Journey
My wife would talk to me about obesity and I would change the conversation. She tried to help me understand that we had a serious problem, that we had to go to the doctor and even consider bariatric surgery.(IDI27)
I want to be thin, positive, focus on the good things. We (partner) talk about it and I tell him that everything will change, we are going to start from scratch, a new body, different sexuality, another life.(IDI21)
3.2. The Need for Close Support
3.2.1. The Partner, the Key Support Figure for MO
He tells me that he met me like this (obese), that he loves me like this, that he’s not with me for my physical appearance but I know it’s impossible…I’m embarrassed to have sexual relations.(IDI6)
She (wife) is scared of something happening to me, of me dying and leaving her alone. I try to not let my obesity affect my loved ones…but it’s difficult.(IDI29)
In summer, I wear more revealing clothes so my body is on show. If your partner looks at you and says “look at their bodies, not like yours” you think that they are going to leave you and you want to have the operation immediately!(IDI 31)
3.2.2. Necessary Company, Unpleasant Scrutiny
My family says “don’t eat this, go for a walk, you need to endure it…” Since I was put in the bariatric surgery programme, they monitor me and control me all day, it’s stifling.(IDI14)
When everyone at home talks about my MO, I get sick of it. I get up from the table and leave. Then I think and say…they’re right.(IDI28)
When I’m feeling down, I turn to a friend and tell her my problems and let off steam. My family just repeat the doctor’s advice over and over, they don’t listen to me or understand me.(IDI6)
3.2.3. Appearing and Sharing on Social Networks
The patient association brought us together, it was like a big family. We were social and able to be ourselves, without feeling observed or rejected.(IDI19)
Now we use Whatsapp, that’s how we talk, laugh and cry. For a mother, sharing fears with someone who is going through the same as you, who is going to understand you, is priceless.(IDI11)
3.3. Professional Support: Opposing Feelings
3.3.1. Lack of Professional Support
During a medical visit, the nurse weighed me on a kitchen scale. I felt awful. Is that why I go to the hospital? To be embarrassed? I stopped going.(IDI23)
A neighbour told me that she knew people who had been operated, that it was a good team. I only want them to explain it to me properly…to lift that burden.(IDI19)
3.3.2. The Bariatric Nurse Is “Always There”
Speaking to an expert outside of my family is liberating. I can be honest, express my feelings without anyone judging me…this team is just amazing!(IDI1)
The specialist nurse manages the situation, always picks up the phone at any hour of the day. It makes you feel assured and confident, you know that you always have someone there to inform, help and advise you…someone who listens to your fears and worries.(IDI7)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Participant | Sex | Onset of MO | Marital Status | Job |
---|---|---|---|---|
IDI1 | F | Adulthood | Married | Housewife |
IDI2 | F | Adolescence | Married | Farmer |
IDI3 | F | Adulthood | Relationship | Housewife |
IDI4 | F | Adolescence | Single | Unemployed |
IDI5 | F | Adulthood | Separated | Seamstress |
IDI6 | F | Pregnancy | Separated | Chef |
IDI7 | F | Adolescence | Relationship | Administrative assistant |
IDI8 | F | Adulthood | Married | Healthcare assistant |
IDI9 | F | Pregnancy | Married | Administrative assistant |
IDI10 | F | Pregnancy | Married | Farmer |
IDI11 | F | Pregnancy | Married | Teacher |
IDI12 | F | Childhood | Married | Administrative assistant |
IDI13 | F | Adolescence | Married | Housewife |
IDI14 | F | Adolescence | Single | Unemployed |
IDI15 | F | Adolescence | Single | Shop assistant |
IDI16 | F | Pregnancy | Married | Teacher |
IDI17 | F | Adolescence | Single | Civil servant |
IDI18 | F | Childhood | Single | Student |
IDI19 | F | Adolescence | Married | Teacher |
IDI20 | F | Childhood | Single | Beautician |
IDI21 | F | Childhood | Relationship | Waitress |
IDI22 | F | Adolescence | Single | Unemployed |
IDI23 | M | Adolescence | Married | Engineer |
IDI24 | M | Adulthood | Married | Salesperson |
IDI25 | M | Childhood | Single | Farmer |
IDI26 | M | Adulthood | Married | Salesperson |
IDI27 | M | Adulthood | Married | Petrol station worker |
IDI28 | M | Adulthood | Married | Hospitality worker |
IDI29 | M | Adulthood | Married | Farmer |
IDI30 | M | Adulthood | Married | Farmer |
IDI31 | M | Childhood | Married | Unemployed |
Stage | Subject | Content/Example Questions |
---|---|---|
Introduction | Motives, reasons | Learn about your experiences of social support since your inclusion in a bariatric surgery programme. |
Ethical issues | Inform about voluntary participation, recording, consent, possibility of withdrawing and confidentiality. | |
Beginning | Introductory question | Tell me about your experience with MO. |
Development | Conversation guide | How has it affected your relationship with your friends and other social relations? |
How has MO affected your perception of your body and your hobbies/free time? | ||
How has MO affected your life with your partner? | ||
How has MO affected your relationship with healthcare providers? What kind of formal and informal social support was missing for you after being included in a bariatric surgery programme? What role did technology play in terms of social support in a bariatric surgical programme? | ||
Closing | Final question | Is there anything else you would like to tell me? |
Appreciation | Thank them for their participation, remind them that their testimony will be useful and place ourselves at their disposition. |
Themes | Subthemes | Units of Meaning |
---|---|---|
Accepting the problem in order to ask for help | Social stigma, the other weight of obesity | Bullying during childhood, limitations imposed by others, everything is in my head, a look is worth more than a thousand words, understanding is better amongst equals. |
Acknowledging MO | I do not identify with my body, my health comes first, physical limitations, acknowledging, self-punishment, food as comfort and social withdrawal. | |
Bariatric surgery, a shared journey | Need to speak, fear, uncertainty, my only hope, sharing experiences, sharing decisions and high expectations. | |
The need for close support | The partner, the key support figure for MO | Emotional support, fear of being left, lack of communication, suspicion, fear of bariatric surgery and fear of complications. |
Necessary company, unpleasant scrutiny | Feeling observed, discomfort, sharing experiences, feeling scrutinised, feeling heard, a link to reality, selfless help and concern for others. | |
Appearing and sharing on social networks | Looking for information, inspecting results and Whatsapp groups. | |
Professional support: opposing feelings | Lack of professional support | Professional indifference, lack of information, lack of empathy and bariatric surgery is not offered |
The bariatric nurse “is always there” | Trust, assurance, active listening, bariatric surgery team, nurse as a point of reference, 24/7 telephone contact and someone in whom to seek comfort. |
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Torrente-Sánchez, M.J.; Ferrer-Márquez, M.; Estébanez-Ferrero, B.; Jiménez-Lasserrotte, M.d.M.; Ruiz-Muelle, A.; Ventura-Miranda, M.I.; Dobarrio-Sanz, I.; Granero-Molina, J. Social Support for People with Morbid Obesity in a Bariatric Surgery Programme: A Qualitative Descriptive Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 6530. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126530
Torrente-Sánchez MJ, Ferrer-Márquez M, Estébanez-Ferrero B, Jiménez-Lasserrotte MdM, Ruiz-Muelle A, Ventura-Miranda MI, Dobarrio-Sanz I, Granero-Molina J. Social Support for People with Morbid Obesity in a Bariatric Surgery Programme: A Qualitative Descriptive Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(12):6530. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126530
Chicago/Turabian StyleTorrente-Sánchez, María José, Manuel Ferrer-Márquez, Beatriz Estébanez-Ferrero, María del Mar Jiménez-Lasserrotte, Alicia Ruiz-Muelle, María Isabel Ventura-Miranda, Iria Dobarrio-Sanz, and José Granero-Molina. 2021. "Social Support for People with Morbid Obesity in a Bariatric Surgery Programme: A Qualitative Descriptive Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12: 6530. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126530