Predictors of Undiagnosed Diabetes among Middle-Aged and Seniors in China: Application of Andersen’s Behavioral Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data Sources
2.2. Definitions of Diagnosed and Undiagnosed Diabetes
2.3. Health Service Related Variables
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Description
3.2. Diabetes Diagnosis by Health Service Related Variables in Univariate Analysis
3.3. Variables Related to Diabetes Diagnosis in Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | n (%) | Diabetes | Chi-Square p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Undiagnosed (N = 560) n (%) | Diagnosed (N = 674) n (%) | |||
Predisposing factors | ||||
Gender | 0.13 | |||
Women | 689 (55.83) | 299 (43.40) | 390 (56.60) | |
Men | 545 (44.17) | 261 (47.89) | 284 (52.11) | |
Age | 0.04 | |||
45–75 | 1129 (91.49) | 502 (44.46) | 627 (55.54) | |
≥75 | 105 (8.51) | 58 (55.24) | 47 (44.76) | |
Education | 0.05 | |||
Literate | 882 (71.47) | 384 (43.54) | 498 (56.46) | |
Illiterate | 352 (28.53) | 176 (50.00) | 176 (50.00) | |
Marriage status | 0.70 | |||
Having spouse or partner | 1027 (83.23) | 463 (45.08) | 564 (54.92) | |
No spouse or partner | 207 (16.77) | 97 (46.86) | 110 (53.14) | |
Enabling factors | ||||
Household income | 0.23 | |||
Average or Above | 712 (57.70) | 334 (46.91) | 378 (53.09) | |
Below average | 522 (42.30) | 226 (43.30) | 296 (56.70) | |
Medical insurance | 0.0005 | |||
High reimbursement rate | 198 (16.05) | 67 (33.84) | 131 (66.16) | |
Low reimbursement rate | 1036 (83.95) | 493 (47.59) | 543 (52.41) | |
Medical facilities | 0.12 | |||
Yes | 894 (72.45) | 393 (43.96) | 501 (56.04) | |
No | 340 (27.55) | 167 (49.12) | 173 (50.88) | |
Residential places | <0.0001 | |||
Urban | 545 (44.17) | 206 (37.80) | 339 (62.20) | |
Rural | 689 (55.83) | 354 (51.38) | 335 (48.62) | |
Geographical regions | <0.0001 | |||
East | 413 (33.47) | 160 (38.74) | 253 (61.26) | |
Middle | 435 (35.25) | 188 (43.22) | 247 (56.78) | |
West | 386 (31.28) | 212 (54.92) | 174 (45.08) | |
Need factors | ||||
Other chronic diseases | <0.0001 | |||
No | 276 (22.37) | 183 (66.30) | 93 (33.70) | |
Yes | 958 (77.63) | 377 (39.35) | 581 (60.65) | |
Perceived health | <0.0001 | |||
Good | 216 (17.50) | 142 (65.74) | 74 (34.26) | |
Fair | 469 (38.01) | 246 (52.45) | 223 (47.55) | |
Poor | 549 (44.49) | 172 (31.33) | 377 (68.67) |
Variables | Undiagnosed Diabetes | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
OR | 95%CI | ||
Predisposing factors | |||
Age | |||
45–75 | Reference | ||
≥75 | 1.79 ** | 1.16–2.77 | 0.0087 |
Enabling factors | |||
Medical insurance | |||
High reimbursement rate | Reference | ||
Low reimbursement rate | 1.64 ** | 1.13–2.37 | 0.0095 |
Residential places | |||
Urban | Reference | ||
Rural | 1.61 ** | 1.24–2.11 | 0.0004 |
Geographical regions | |||
East | Reference | ||
Middle | 1.46 * | 1.08–1.96 | 0.01 |
West | 2.43 ** | 1.78–3.30 | <0.0001 |
Need factors | |||
Other chronic diseases | |||
No | Reference | ||
Yes | 0.41 ** | 0.30–0.55 | <0.0001 |
Perceived health | |||
Good | Reference | ||
Fair | 0.66 * | 0.47–0.94 | 0.02 |
Poor | 0.27 ** | 0.19–0.38 | <0.0001 |
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Mou, C.; Xu, M.; Lyu, J. Predictors of Undiagnosed Diabetes among Middle-Aged and Seniors in China: Application of Andersen’s Behavioral Model. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8396. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168396
Mou C, Xu M, Lyu J. Predictors of Undiagnosed Diabetes among Middle-Aged and Seniors in China: Application of Andersen’s Behavioral Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(16):8396. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168396
Chicago/Turabian StyleMou, Chaozhou, Minlan Xu, and Juncheng Lyu. 2021. "Predictors of Undiagnosed Diabetes among Middle-Aged and Seniors in China: Application of Andersen’s Behavioral Model" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16: 8396. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168396