A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Assessment of Caregivers’ Knowledge and Practices Regarding the Prevention and Management of Diarrhea among Children under the Age of Five in Thulamela B Clinics, South Africa
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Assess caregiver’s knowledge on the causes and danger signs of diarrhea,
- Assess caregiver’s preventive and management practices for diarrhea occurrences.
Clarification of Concepts
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Setting
2.3. Population, Sample Size and Sampling Procedure
2.4. Data Collection Tool
2.5. Validity
2.6. Reliability
2.7. Ethical Clearance
2.8. Data Collection
2.9. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics of Caregivers
3.2. Caregiver Knowledge of Diarrhea in Children <5 Years
3.3. Caregiver Practices Regarding Prevention and Management of Diarrhea for Children <5 Years
4. Discussions
5. Conclusions
5.1. Recommendations
5.2. Strength and Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Frequency | Percentage (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Female | 394 | 99.0 |
Male | 4 | 1.0 | |
Age | 15–25 | 124 | 31.2 |
26–35 | 190 | 47.7 | |
36–45 | 67 | 16.8 | |
46 and Above | 17 | 4.3 | |
Highest Qualification | No formal education | 5 | 1.3 |
Primary level | 17 | 4.3 | |
Secondary level | 17 | 4.3 | |
Passed grade12 | 127 | 31.9 | |
Tertiary level | 232 | 58.9 | |
Home Language | English | 10 | 2.4 |
Tshivenda | 367 | 92.2 | |
Tsonga | 15 | 3.8 | |
Sotho | 6 | 1.6 | |
Marital Status | Single | 203 | 51.0 |
Married | 181 | 45.4 | |
Divorced/ Separated | 9 | 2.3 | |
Widow | 5 | 1.3 | |
Occupation | Employed | 81 | 20.6 |
Unemployed | 289 | 72.4 | |
Self-employed | 26 | 6.5 | |
Pensioner | 2 | 0.5 | |
Relationship to child | Grandmother | 29 | 7.3 |
Mother | 342 | 85.9 | |
Aunt | 8 | 2.0 | |
Other | 19 | 4.8 |
Frequency | Percentage (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Do you know what diarrhea is? | No | 205 | 51.5 |
Yes | 193 | 48.5 | |
Has this child suffered from diarrhea in the past 2 weeks (past 14 days)? | No | 107 | 26.9 |
Yes | 291 | 73.1 | |
Knowledge about causes of diarrhea in children 0–5 years | |||
Worm infection | No | 148 | 37.2 |
Yes | 250 | 62.8 | |
Germ infection | No | 371 | 93.2 |
Yes | 27 | 6.8 | |
Indigestible foods | No | 94 | 23.6 |
Yes | 304 | 76.4 | |
Poor hygiene practices | No | 147 | 36.9 |
Yes | 251 | 63.1 | |
Teething | No | 98 | 24.6 |
Yes | 300 | 75.4 | |
Knowledge about diarrhea and some of the danger signs | |||
Did your child experience nausea and vomiting during diarrhea? | No | 278 | 69.8 |
Yes | 120 | 30.2 | |
Did your child experience fever during diarrhea | No | 33 | 8.3 |
Yes | 365 | 91.7 | |
Did your child experience abdominal pain? | No | 105 | 26.4 |
Yes | 293 | 73.6 | |
Did your child experience cramps? | No | 67 | 16.8 |
Yes | 331 | 83.2 | |
Did your child pass three or more unformed stools during the day? | No | 122 | 30.7 |
Yes | 276 | 69.3 | |
Did your child have blood in the stool? | No | 23 | 5.8 |
Yes | 375 | 94.2 | |
Did your child show any other signs that are not listed here? | No | 299 | 75.1 |
Yes | 99 | 24.9 | |
Do you think diarrhea is dangerous? | No | 18 | 4.5 |
Yes | 380 | 95.5 | |
Knowledge about ORT/SSS | |||
Have you heard of ORT/SSS? | No | 206 | 51.8 |
Yes | 192 | 48.2 | |
Do you know what ORT/SSS is used for? | No | 120 | 30.2 |
Yes | 278 | 69.8 | |
Have you ever used ORT/SSS before? | No | 325 | 81.7 |
Yes | 73 | 18.3 |
Practices of Mothers Regarding Feeding and Hygiene Aspects. | Frequency | Percentage (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Does your child usually feed on his or her own? | No | 52 | 13.1 |
Yes | 346 | 86.9 | |
Do you wash your child’s hands before he/she eats? | No | 77 | 19.3 |
Yes | 321 | 80.7 | |
Do you wash your hands before feeding your child? | Never | 14 | 3.5 |
Usually | 384 | 96.5 | |
Do you warm cooked food before you feed your child? | Always | 11 | 2.8 |
No | 387 | 97.2 | |
Do you buy food from street vendors for your child? | Yes | 121 | 30.4 |
No | 277 | 69.6 | |
Practices of mothers regarding types of drinking water used at home. | |||
Filtered water for drinking. | No | 383 | 96.2 |
Yes | 15 | 3.8 | |
Untreated water for drinking. | No | 393 | 98.7 |
Yes | 5 | 1.3 | |
Boiled water for drinking. | No | 345 | 87.4 |
Yes | 50 | 12.6 | |
Other types of water for drinking. | No | 76 | 19.6 |
Yes | 320 | 80.4 |
Source of Water | Frequency | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
River | 19 | 4.8 |
Tap | 381 | 95.5 |
Stream | 11 | 2.8 |
Rain water | 16 | 4.0 |
Borehole | 17 | 4.3 |
Dam | 13 | 3.3 |
Other sources | 386 | 97.0 |
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Ndou, A.; Lebese, R.T.; Tshitangano, T.G.; Damian, J.U. A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Assessment of Caregivers’ Knowledge and Practices Regarding the Prevention and Management of Diarrhea among Children under the Age of Five in Thulamela B Clinics, South Africa. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9452. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189452
Ndou A, Lebese RT, Tshitangano TG, Damian JU. A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Assessment of Caregivers’ Knowledge and Practices Regarding the Prevention and Management of Diarrhea among Children under the Age of Five in Thulamela B Clinics, South Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9452. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189452
Chicago/Turabian StyleNdou, Azwinndini, Rachel Tsakani Lebese, Takalani Grace Tshitangano, and Jessica Uchechi Damian. 2021. "A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Assessment of Caregivers’ Knowledge and Practices Regarding the Prevention and Management of Diarrhea among Children under the Age of Five in Thulamela B Clinics, South Africa" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9452. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189452