Dispersion of Aerosols Generated during Dental Therapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Aerosol Particle Scattering Experiment
- Measurement of the aerosol particles immediately over the table. A visualization coefficient device called Type-S (sensing area: 4 × 20 cm; Shin Nippon Air Technologies) was set up at a location that was 60 cm above the table (position of the head of a worker). The number of particles that were larger than 0.5 µm and passed through was measured continuously for 9 min, and sampling was performed in 1/30 s intervals.
- Qualitative assessment of the distribution of droplets using a visualization video. Two scanning laser sheet light sources (Parallel Eye H, Shin Nippon Air Technologies) were used to create a 2 × 2 m laser sheet at a location that was 30 cm from the floor. Traversing droplets were monitored continuously for 9 min with a microparticle-visualizing high-sensitivity camera called i-Scope for the distribution of the transiting particles that were larger than 5 µm, and 30 s still images were continuously created. The basic image processing software package ParticleEye Viewer (Shin Nippon Air Technologies) was used for image processing to obtain the visualized accumulated images of the horizontal cross-section. Because the instrument setup and sensitivity issues made it impossible to measure the entire region inside the SCL simultaneously, the SCL was divided into four areas, and the experiment was performed three times each at position. The median values of these three experiments were used in the following data analysis (Figure 1).
- Quantitative assessment of the droplet distribution by counting. P/Cs (TSI Model 9303 with a suction flow rate of 2.83 L/min, and Particle Plus Model P311 with a suction flow rate of 2.83 L/min) were used to capture the particles. The P/Cs measured the aerosol particles’ size, quantity, and the amount of settled particles over time. Six P/Cs were used in each area and were set up in 50 cm intervals in the 90° direction (1–3) and 45° direction (3–6) at the same height as the workbench (74 cm from the floor). This approach was used to capture the settled particles and to measure the distribution of dispersion. Particles with a grain size of >0.5 μm or >5.0 μm were measured continuously for 9 min, with a sampling duration of 10 s intervals.
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Light sources | Two scanning laser sheet light sources (“Parallel Eye H”) |
Cameras | One specialized microparticle-visualizing high-sensitivity camera (“i-Scope”) |
Image processing | The basic image processing software package “ParticleEye Viewer” |
Particle measurement | One mobile visualizing counter system (“Type-S”) Two types of particle counters (Six units in total) A: Particle Plus model P311 (four units) B: TSI model AeroTrak9110 (two units) |
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Takanabe, Y.; Maruoka, Y.; Kondo, J.; Yagi, S.; Chikazu, D.; Okamoto, R.; Saitoh, M. Dispersion of Aerosols Generated during Dental Therapy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11279. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111279
Takanabe Y, Maruoka Y, Kondo J, Yagi S, Chikazu D, Okamoto R, Saitoh M. Dispersion of Aerosols Generated during Dental Therapy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(21):11279. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111279
Chicago/Turabian StyleTakanabe, Yusuke, Yutaka Maruoka, Junko Kondo, Shotaro Yagi, Daichi Chikazu, Ryuta Okamoto, and Masao Saitoh. 2021. "Dispersion of Aerosols Generated during Dental Therapy" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21: 11279. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111279