Impact of a Gender-Neutral HPV Vaccination Program in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Computational Network Model Building
- The global frequencies of the intercourses per age group and time step.
- The average recovery time from HPV 6/11 infection.
- Two parameters determining if the HPV 6/11 infection is transmitted from a man or woman to his/her partner (force of infection).
2.2. Scenarios to Be Simulated
- Scenario 1: Only girls were vaccinated with a coverage of 70% (current vaccination program in Spain).
- Scenario 2: 70% of both girls and boys were vaccinated.
- Scenario 3: 70% of girls were vaccinated and 20% of MSM 18 to 45 years starting 15 years after the girls’ program (to resemble most of the programs).
2.3. Sensitivity Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Community Effect in the Heterosexual Population
3.2. Impact on Men Who Have Sex with Men
3.3. Averted HPV 6/11 Infections
3.4. Sensitivity Analysis
- Case base. This is the current situation, with the percentage of MSM equal to 3.88%, and the current program to vaccinate young girls with a coverage of 70%.
- Case 1. It is the case base increasing the percentage of MSM up to 10%.
4. Discussion
Limitations of the Model
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Males | ||||||
Age | 0 LSP | 1 LSP | 2 LSP | 3–4 LSP | 5–9 LSP | 10 or more LSP |
14–29 | 0.107 | 0.207 | 0.131 | 0.225 | 0.168 | 0.162 |
30–39 | 0.027 | 0.225 | 0.128 | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.24 |
40–65 | 0.019 | 0.268 | 0.14 | 0.193 | 0.163 | 0.217 |
Females | ||||||
Age | 0 LSP | 1 LSP | 2 LSP | 3–4 LSP | 5–9 LSP | 10 or more LSP |
14–29 | 0.138 | 0.43 | 0.186 | 0.158 | 0.056 | 0.032 |
30–39 | 0.029 | 0.501 | 0.168 | 0.177 | 0.077 | 0.048 |
40–65 | 0.017 | 0.652 | 0.138 | 0.118 | 0.039 | 0.036 |
Years | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | |
Men * (Scenario 1) | 9% | 26% | 41% | 48% | 55% |
Men * (Scenario 2) | 16% | 49% | 73% | 86% | 93% |
MSM (Scenario 2) | 10% | 38% | 57% | 72% | 79% |
Women (Scenario 1) | 14% | 45% | 66% | 75% | 82% |
Women (Scenario 2) | 18% | 54% | 80% | 89% | 97% |
% of vaccinated women (both scenarios) | 9.5% | 21.6% | 35.3% | 51% | 65.7% |
% of vaccinated men (Scenario 2) | 10% | 21% | 34.6% | 51% | 65.7% |
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Díez-Domingo, J.; Sánchez-Alonso, V.; Villanueva, R.-J.; Acedo, L.; Tuells, J. Impact of a Gender-Neutral HPV Vaccination Program in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 963. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030963
Díez-Domingo J, Sánchez-Alonso V, Villanueva R-J, Acedo L, Tuells J. Impact of a Gender-Neutral HPV Vaccination Program in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(3):963. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030963
Chicago/Turabian StyleDíez-Domingo, Javier, Víctor Sánchez-Alonso, Rafael-J. Villanueva, Luis Acedo, and José Tuells. 2021. "Impact of a Gender-Neutral HPV Vaccination Program in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 963. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030963