The Point Bonitation Method and Its Adaptation in Risk Studies: A Case Study in Sri Lanka’s Cities in the Coastal Zone
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
- Very high index, VHI (from 3.001 to 4.0); VHI (3.60) shows very good relationships between the nature and the exposure that is in Puttalam;
- High index, HI (from 2.001 to 3.0); HI (2.13) shows good relationships in Jaffna (2.13) in the north,
- Low index from, LI (1.001–2.0); LI (1.78–1.57): bad relationships in: Trincomalee (1.78) and Batticaloa (1.57) on the east coast of Sri Lanka;
- Very low index, VLI (from 0 to 1.0); VLI (0.83–0.29): very poor relationships in in Kalutara (0.83) in the west, Matara (0.75) in the south, Galle (0.7), Hambantota (0.56) in the south, and the lowest index in Colombo (0.29).
Complementary Study
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- Easy calculation of one final value that describes several diverse features for each of the groups (for anthropogenic and natural groups), along with being a straightforward independent local study;
- Characterizing roles in coastal vulnerability using exposure and resilience;
- Identifying areas, regions, or units in the country that require significant work in improving disaster risk reduction strategies, and pursuing resistance aims by adapting to the effects of tsunamis and build back better;
- Indicating a direction of local investment for modifications that are helpful for the protection of the region (for example, improved environmental conditions, quality of spatial management);
- The modification of locally applied strategies for better adaptation to tsunami and disaster risk reduction;
- Adding other factors that describe the vulnerability to tsunami.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Density of Population | Highways | Hotels | Hotels | (# 1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
<600 | <2 | <8 | <8 | 1 |
601–1200 | 3–5 | 9–17 | 9–17 | 2 |
1201–1800 | 6–8 | 18–26 | 18–26 | 3 |
1801–2400 | 9–11 | 27–35 | 27–35 | 4 |
>2401 | >12 | >36 | >36 | 5 |
Lagoon in Hectares | Mangrove in Hectares | Coral Reefs and Their Condition | Elevation in Meters above Sea Level | (# 1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
<5000 | <500 | Lack | <8 | 1 |
5001–10,000 | 501–1000 | Small degradation | 9–17 | 2 |
10,001–15,000 | 1001–1500 | Degradation | 18–26 | 3 |
15,001–20,000 | 1501−2000 | Partly degradation | 27–35 | 4 |
>20,000 | >2000 | Very good condition | >352 | 5 |
Districts/Provinces | Index I Group | Completely | Partially | Completely/Partially Damaged Houses |
---|---|---|---|---|
Puttalam, NW | VHI | 23 | 72 | P > C |
Jaffna, N | HI | 6084 | 1114 | C > P |
Trincomalee, E | LI | 5974 | 10394 | P > C |
Batticaloa, E | LI | 15939 | 5665 | C > P |
Kalutara, W | VLI | 2780 | 3116 | P > C |
Matara, S | VLI | 2362 | 5659 | P > C |
Galle, S | VLI | 5525 | 5966 | P > C |
Hambantota, S | VLI | 2303 | 1744 | C > P |
Colombo, W | VLI | 3398 | 2210 | C > P |
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Rucińska, D.; Zagrzejewska, M. The Point Bonitation Method and Its Adaptation in Risk Studies: A Case Study in Sri Lanka’s Cities in the Coastal Zone. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 2060. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042060
Rucińska D, Zagrzejewska M. The Point Bonitation Method and Its Adaptation in Risk Studies: A Case Study in Sri Lanka’s Cities in the Coastal Zone. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(4):2060. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042060
Chicago/Turabian StyleRucińska, Dorota, and Martyna Zagrzejewska. 2021. "The Point Bonitation Method and Its Adaptation in Risk Studies: A Case Study in Sri Lanka’s Cities in the Coastal Zone" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 2060. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042060