Effects of Two Physical Training Programs on the Cognitive Status of a Group of Older Adults in Chile
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Intervention and Procedures
2.2. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Strengths
4.2. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Weeks | 1–2–3 | 4–5–6 | 7–8–9 | 10–11–12 |
Intensity | Under | Moderate | Moderate strong | Moderate to vigorous |
Volume (min) | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 |
Parameters for Intensity control | ||||
% Maximum Heart Rate | 50 | 60 | 65 | 70 |
Subjective perception of effort (Borg scale) | 10–11 | 12–13 | 14–15 | 14–15 |
Weeks | 1–3 | 4–6 | 7–9 | 10–12 |
Intensity % maximum load | 50% | 50–60% | 60% | 60% |
Repetitions | 10 | 10–12 | 12–15 | 15 |
N° Series | 2 | 3 | 3–4 | 4 |
Recovery (Pause) | 3 min | 2.30–3 min. | 2–2.5 min. | 1.5–2 min. |
Variables | CG (n = 15) | AG (n = 15) | RG (n = 14) | Comparison Intergroup § | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | CI (95%) | M ± SD | CI (95%) | M ± SD | CI (95%) | F | p Value | Partial Eta2 | |
MS UL (kg) | 13.67 ± 1.91 | 12.61–14.73 | 14.40 ± 2.38 | 13.08–15.72 | 14.29 ± 2.58 Kg | 12.79–15.78 | 0.437 | 0.649 | 0.1 |
MS LL (kg) | 44.53 ± 3.50 | 42.59–46.47 | 47.20 ± 3.91 | 45.03–49.37 | 47.43 ± 3.88 Kg | 45.19–49.67 | 2.701 | 0.079 | 0.4 |
VO2max. (mL kg1 min−1) | 16.13 ± 1.80 | 15.14–17.13 | 16.02 ± 2.06 | 14.88–17.16 | 16.69 ± 1.10 | 16.06–17.32 | 0.625 | 0.540 | 0.2 |
MMSE (Score) | 24.33 ± 3.52 | 22.38–26.28 | 26.80 ± 2.76 | 25.27–28.33 | 26.43 ± 2.65 | 24.90–27.96 | 2.912 | 0.066 | 0.5 |
IGF-1 (ng mL−1) | 91.41 ± 23.10 | 78.61–23.10 | 107.88 ± 28.56 | 92.07–123.69 | 105.42 ± 39.08 | 82.86 -127.99 | 1.246 | 0.298 | 0.2 |
Variables | CG (n = 15) | AG (n = 15) | RG (n = 14) | Comparison Intergroup § | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | CI (95%) | M ± SD | CI (95%) | M ± SD | CI (95%) | F | p Value | Eta2 Partial | |
MS UL (kg) | 13.47 ±2.77 b.c | 11.93–15.00 | 21.40 ± 4.75 a.c | 18.77–24.03 | 23.57 ± 4.13 a.b | 21.19–25.95 | 26.443 | 0.000 | 0.7 |
MS LL (kg) | 44.13 ± 4.69 b.c | 41.54–46.73 | 64.33 ± 18.46 a | 54.11–74.56 | 77.79 ± 26.07 a | 62.73–92.84 | 25.506 | 0.000 | 0.6 |
VO2max. (mL.kg1.min−1) | 15.79 ± 2.15 | 11.60–16.98 | 16.59 ± 1.43 | 15.80–17.38 | 16.91 ± 1.02 | 16.32–17.50 | 1.885 | 0.165 | 0.2 |
MMSE (Score) | 23.47 ± 2.80 b.c | 21.92–25.02 | 28.13 ± 2.26 a | 26.88–29.39 | 28.57 ± 1.83 a | 27.52–29.63 | 21.572 | 0.000 | 0.8 |
IGF-1 (ng.mL−1) | 92.34 ± 22.80 b.c | 79.72–104.96 | 109.33 ± 28.74 a | 93.41–125.24 | 127.14 ± 51.56 a | 97.37–156.91 | 3.366 | 0.044 | 0.4 |
Variables | CG (n = 15) | ES | AG (n = 15) | ES | RG (n = 14) | ES | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | p-Value | Pre | Post | p-Value | Pre | Post | p-Value | ||||
VO2max. (mL·kg1·min−1) | 16.13 ± 1.80 | 15.79 ± 2.15 | 0.451 b | 0.3 | 16.02 ± 2.06 | 16.59 ± 1.43 | 0.030 b | 0.7 | 16.69 ± 1.10 | 16.91 ± 1.02 | 0.105 a | 0.5 |
MS UL (kg) | 13.67 ± 1.91 | 13.47 ± 2.77 | 0.745 a | 0.1 | 14.40 ± 2.38 | 21.40 ± 4.75 | 0.010 b | 1.2 | 14.29 ± 2.58 | 23.57 ± 4.13 | 0.011 b | 2.4 |
MS LL (kg) | 44.53 ± 3.50 | 44.13 ± 4.69 | 0.531 a | 0.2 | 47.20 ± 3.91 | 64.33 ± 18.46 | 0.003 a | 0.9 | 47.43 ± 3.88 | 77.79 ± 26.07 | 0.001 b | 1.1 |
MMSE (Score) | 24.33 ± 3.52 | 23.47 ± 2.80 | 0.316 a | 0.3 | 26.80 ± 2.76 | 28.13 ± 2.26 | 0.011 b | 0.8 | 26.43 ± 2.65 | 28.57 ± 1.83 | 0.004 b | 1.0 |
IGF-1 (ng·mL−1) | 91.41 ± 23.10 | 92.34 ± 22.80 | 0.347 a | 0.3 | 107.88 ± 28.56 | 109.33 ± 28.74 | 0.014 a | 0.1 | 105.42 ± 39.08 | 127.14 ± 51.56 | 0.005 a | 0.9 |
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Castillo Quezada, H.; Martínez-Salazar, C.; Fuentealba-Urra, S.; Hernández-Mosqueira, C.; Araneda Garcés, N.; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, F.; Concha-Cisternas, Y.; Molina-Sotomayor, E. Effects of Two Physical Training Programs on the Cognitive Status of a Group of Older Adults in Chile. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084186
Castillo Quezada H, Martínez-Salazar C, Fuentealba-Urra S, Hernández-Mosqueira C, Araneda Garcés N, Rodríguez-Rodríguez F, Concha-Cisternas Y, Molina-Sotomayor E. Effects of Two Physical Training Programs on the Cognitive Status of a Group of Older Adults in Chile. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(8):4186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084186
Chicago/Turabian StyleCastillo Quezada, Humberto, Cristian Martínez-Salazar, Sergio Fuentealba-Urra, Claudio Hernández-Mosqueira, Nelson Araneda Garcés, Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Yeny Concha-Cisternas, and Edgardo Molina-Sotomayor. 2021. "Effects of Two Physical Training Programs on the Cognitive Status of a Group of Older Adults in Chile" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8: 4186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084186