Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Green Agricultural Science and Technology Progress: A Case Study in Yangtze River Delta of China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Methodology
2.2.1. Measurement of the Contribution Rate of GASTP
- Index Selection
- 2.
- The Super-SBM Model Using Undesirable Output
2.2.2. Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Contribution Rate of GASTP
2.2.3. Panel Data Model
2.3. Data
3. Results
3.1. Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Pattern
3.2. Analysis of Spatial Correlation Characteristics
3.3. Driving Mechanism Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Spatio-Temporal Pattern under Carbon Emission Constraints
4.2. Spatial Correlation Characteristics
4.3. Driving Mechanism Analysis
4.4. Implication and Limitation
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Index Types | First Level Index | Variable Declaration |
---|---|---|
Inputs | Labor | Number of employees in the first industry (million people) |
Capital | Total power of agricultural machinery (millions of kw) | |
Land | Total sown area of crops (hectare) | |
Energy | Rural electricity consumption (millions of kw/h) | |
Water | Effective irrigation area (hectare) | |
Desirable output | Economic | Total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery (billion yuan) |
Undesirable outputs | Exhaust | Sum of carbon emissions from agricultural plastic film use, diesel use, pesticide use, year-end cattle stock, year-end pig stock, and year-end sheep stock. The calculation method is calculated by drawing on the practices of Tian Yun [28] and others (t) |
Variables | Mean | Std. Dev | Minimum | Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|
Per capita GDP | 15.90 | 0.86 | 13.45 | 17.46 |
Agricultural financial support | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.86 |
Total retail sales of social consumer goods | 10.01 | 1.41 | 6.74 | 13.96 |
Total exports | 211.22 | 421.83 | 0.91 | 2102.77 |
Planting structure | 5.54 | 3.04 | 1.35 | 25.87 |
Agricultural mechanization level | 0.67 | 0.45 | 0.1 | 9.13 |
Year | I | p-Value | Z-Value | E [I] | Mean | Sd |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2011 | 0.136 | 0.008 | 2.785 *** | −0.025 | −0.023 | 0.057 |
2012 | 0.155 | 0.004 | 3.143 *** | −0.025 | −0.024 | 0.057 |
2013 | 0.141 | 0.007 | 2.892 *** | −0.025 | −0.024 | 0.057 |
2014 | 0.134 | 0.012 | 2.812 *** | −0.025 | −0.025 | 0.056 |
2015 | 0.135 | 0.006 | 2.738 *** | −0.025 | −0.022 | 0.058 |
2016 | 0.110 | 0.019 | 2.350 ** | −0.025 | −0.023 | 0.057 |
2017 | −0.076 | 0.181 | −0.910 | −0.025 | −0.025 | 0.056 |
2018 | 0.141 | 0.007 | 3.011 *** | −0.025 | −0.025 | 0.055 |
2019 | 0.137 | 0.006 | 2.883 *** | −0.025 | −0.024 | 0.056 |
2020 | 0.041 | 0.129 | 1.160 | −0.025 | −0.023 | 0.056 |
Variables | Contribution Rate of GASTP | ||
---|---|---|---|
FE | RE | OLS | |
Per capita GDP | −0.20 ** | −0.08 | 0.11 ** |
(−0.09) | (−0.93) | (−0.04) | |
Agricultural financial support | −0.19 * | −0.06 | 0.77 * |
(−0.10) | (−0.49) | (−0.42) | |
Total retail sales of social consumer goods | −0.05 | −0.1 | 0.08 *** |
(−0.05) | (−1.52) | (−0.03) | |
Total exports | 0.00 | 0.00 *** | 0.00 *** |
0.00 | (−4.18) | 0.00 | |
Planting structure | 0.09 *** | 0.08 *** | −0.03 |
(−0.01) | (−7.19) | (−0.05) | |
Agricultural mechanization level | −0.02 * | −0.02 | 0.02 *** |
(−0.01) | (−1.48) | (−0.01) | |
Constant | 3.22 *** | 2.23 *** | −0.17 |
(−0.71) | (−3.45) | (−0.41) |
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Qian, C.; Xu, C.; Kong, F. Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Green Agricultural Science and Technology Progress: A Case Study in Yangtze River Delta of China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 8702. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148702
Qian C, Xu C, Kong F. Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Green Agricultural Science and Technology Progress: A Case Study in Yangtze River Delta of China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(14):8702. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148702
Chicago/Turabian StyleQian, Chen, Caiyao Xu, and Fanbin Kong. 2022. "Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Green Agricultural Science and Technology Progress: A Case Study in Yangtze River Delta of China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14: 8702. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148702