Comparison of Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence Trends from 1993 to 2012 in Lampang, Thailand
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Sources
2.2. Multiple Imputation
2.3. Joinpoint Analysis
2.4. Age-Period-Cohort Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Multiple Imputation
3.2. Jointpoint Analyses
3.3. Age-Period-Cohort Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Variable | All (N = 4921) | HCC (N = 370) | CCA (N = 1892) | Other (N = 172) | Unknown (N = 2487) | p-Value * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at diagnosis, Mean (SD) | 60.9 (13.3) | 54.6 (12.4) | 63.0 (12.3) | 61.0 (15.1) | 60.1 (13.6) | <0.001 |
Sex, Number (%) | <0.001 | |||||
Male | 3389 (68.9) | 294 (79.5) | 1222 (64.6) | 89 (51.7) | 1784 (71.7) | |
Female | 1532 (31.1) | 76 (20.5) | 670 (35.4) | 83 (48.3) | 703 (28.3) | |
Year of Diagnosis, Number (%) | <0.001 | |||||
1993–1997 | 817 (16.6) | 125 (33.8) | 214 (11.3) | 22 (12.8) | 456 (18.3) | |
1998–2002 | 1115 (22.7) | 106 (28.6) | 377 (19.9) | 17 (9.8) | 615 (24.7) | |
2003–2007 | 1353 (27.5) | 89 (24.1) | 519 (27.4) | 67 (39.0) | 678 (27.3) | |
2008–2012 | 1636 (33.2) | 50 (13.5) | 782 (41.3) | 66 (38.4) | 738 (29.7) | |
Stage, Number (%) | <0.001 | |||||
1 | 59 (1.2) | 9 (2.4) | 28 (1.5) | 6 (3.5) | 16 (0.6) | |
2 | 987 (20.0) | 182 (49.2) | 418 (22.1) | 34 (19.8) | 353 (14.2) | |
3 | 123 (2.5) | 14 (3.8) | 63 (3.3) | 13 (7.6) | 33 (1.3) | |
4 | 1139 (23.1) | 70 (18.9) | 510 (27.0) | 68 (39.5) | 491 (19.7) | |
Unknown | 2613 (53.1) | 95 (25.7) | 873 (46.1) | 51 (29.7) | 1594 (64.1) | |
Living area ** | <0.001 |
Sex | Histology | p-Value | Average Annual Percent Change Assuming Parallelism |
---|---|---|---|
Male | HCC | 0.92 | 7.5 |
CCA | 0.38 | 5.6 | |
OTH | 0.19 | 7.4 | |
Female | HCC | N/A 1 | N/A 1 |
CCA | <0.001 | N/A 2 | |
OTH | N/A 1 | N/A 1 |
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Characteristics | Male Number (%) | Female Number (%) | Total Number (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Before Imputation | |||
HCC | 294 (8.7) | 76 (5.0) | 370 (7.5) |
CCA | 1222 (36.1) | 670 (43.7) | 1892 (38.4) |
OTH | 89 (2.6) | 83 (5.4) | 172 (3.5) |
UNK | 1784 (52.6) | 703 (45.9) | 2487 (50.5) |
After imputation | |||
HCC | 609 (18.9) | 144 (10.0) | 753 (16.2) |
CCA | 2428 (75.5) | 1159 (80.1) | 3587 (77.0) |
OTH | 177 (5.5) | 144 (10.0) | 322 (6.9) |
Gender | Histology | Year | AAPC (95% CI) Before Imputation | AAPC (95% CI) After Imputation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Male | HCC | 1993–2012 | −7.69 * (−10.6, −4.7) | −7.30 * (−8.8, −5.8) |
CCA | 1993–2012 | 6.18 * (4.6, 7.8) | 5.00 * (3.7, 6.3) | |
OTH | 1993–2012 | 8.19 * (2.9, 13.8) | 6.64 * (3.9, 9.5) | |
UNK | 1993–2012 | 1.46 (−0.1, 3.0) | --- | |
Female | HCC | 1993–2012 | N/A 1 | −10.29 * |
CCA | 1993–2012 | 3.78 * (2.3, 5.3) | 2.02 * (0.9, 3.2) | |
OTH | 1993–2012 | N/A 1 | 3.71 * (0.5, 7.0) | |
UNK | 1993–2012 | −1.57 * (−3.1, −0.0) | --- |
Model | Female HCC | Female CCA | Male HCC | Male CCA |
---|---|---|---|---|
Akaike information criteria (AIC) for AC, AP, and APC models relative (difference) to the Age only model | ||||
Age Cohort | −49.0 | −10.4 | −95.7 | −151.7 |
Age Period | −55.3 2 | −6.8 | −105.5 | −143.8 |
Age Period Cohort | −41.8 | −6.4 | −100.3 | −154.7 |
Residual deviance values for AC, AP, and APC models | ||||
Age | 372.0 | 981.9 | 656.9 | 1045.1 |
Age Cohort | 309.0 | 957.5 | 547.2 | 879.4 |
Age Period | 308.7 | 967.1 | 543.4 | 893.2 |
Age Period Cohort | 308.2 | 953.5 | 534.6 | 868.4 |
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Cao, P.; Rozek, L.S.; Pongnikorn, D.; Sriplung, H.; Meza, R. Comparison of Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence Trends from 1993 to 2012 in Lampang, Thailand. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 9551. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159551
Cao P, Rozek LS, Pongnikorn D, Sriplung H, Meza R. Comparison of Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence Trends from 1993 to 2012 in Lampang, Thailand. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(15):9551. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159551
Chicago/Turabian StyleCao, Pianpian, Laura S. Rozek, Donsuk Pongnikorn, Hutcha Sriplung, and Rafael Meza. 2022. "Comparison of Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence Trends from 1993 to 2012 in Lampang, Thailand" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15: 9551. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159551