Smart-Autonomous Wireless Volatile Organic Compounds Sensor Node for Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Application
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
2.2. Low-Power Strategy
2.3. Energy Storage
2.4. Design Overview
2.4.1. Mainboard
2.4.2. Supercapacitor
- Qsp = supercapacitor charging capacity in Amper.hour (Ah).
- C = capacitance in Farad (F = A.s/V).
- Vc = capacitor charged voltage in Volt (V).
- Vd = capacitor discharged voltage in Volt (V).
2.4.3. Wireless Module
2.4.4. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Sensor
2.4.5. Software
Algorithm 1 The logical flow of VOCs sensor node sensing process |
Start program while sensor node is powered Initialize Wi-Fi connection. If Wi-Fi connected to internet: Call function to measure air quality. Send CO2 and TVOCs data. Display CO2 and TVOCs data to IoT dashboard Or Else: Retry connection to the internet Wi-Fi. Call function to low power mode. Enable alarm and interval start counting. If interval reached: Call function to system wake-up. Disable alarm and reset the interval. Return to measure air quality and repeat. Or Else: Interval counting. End program while sensor node power is low. |
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Device Implementation
3.2. Functionality Test
3.3. Power Requirement Test
3.3.1. Power Sensor Test
3.3.2. Power Measurement
3.3.3. Processing Time Consumption
3.3.4. Power Source Capacity
3.4. User Interface
3.5. VOCs Field Experiment
3.5.1. Configuration
3.5.2. Result
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TVOCs Level μg⁄m3 | TVOCs Level (ppb) | Level of Concentration | Air Quality |
---|---|---|---|
<300 | <67 | Level 1 | Excellent |
300–1000 | 67–222 | Level 2 | Good |
1000–3000 | 222–665 | Level 3 | Moderate |
3000–10,000 | 665–2218 | Level 4 | Poor |
10,000–25,000 | 2218–5545 | Level 5 | Unhealthy |
Parameters | Value | Remarks |
---|---|---|
Power | 3.3–5.5 V | Supercapacitor |
Interface | I2C, Wi-Fi | |
Sensing range [31] | 450–2000 ppm | CO2 equivalents |
125–600 ppb | TVOCs equivalents |
Block | Testing Parameter | Result |
---|---|---|
Power source | Charging and discharging process | Good |
Supercapacitor | Good | |
Processor | Reading the sensor and wireless connection | Good |
Wireless | Scanning and connection ability | Good |
Test Objects | TVOCs Value (ppb) | ||
---|---|---|---|
VOCs Sensor Node | Validator | Error | |
Indoor air condition | 211 | 254 | −43 |
Detergent | 278 | 325 | −47 |
Floor Cleaner | 305 | 342 | −37 |
Perfume | 354 | 374 | −20 |
Load Test | Current Value (mA) | ||
---|---|---|---|
1NA219 | Multimeter | Accuracy (%) | |
VOCs node sensor | 119.90 | 120.02 | 0.10 |
VOCs node sensor with activated 4 LED | 125.90 | 125.20 | 0.56 |
VOCs node sensor with transmitting data to the cloud | 121.50 | 120.50 | 0.83 |
Load Test | Voltage Value (V) | ||
---|---|---|---|
1NA219 | Multimeter | Accuracy (%) | |
VOCs node sensor (VCC) | 3.27 | 3.3 | 0.33 |
Process | Power (mA) | Time (ms) | Power Source Capacity (mAh) |
---|---|---|---|
Initial process | 132.90 | 2005.00 | 0.07 |
TVOCs value reading | 135.20 | 2.00 | 0.01 |
Data transmitting | 134.00 | 3514.60 | 0.13 |
Low power mode | 35.30 | 1800.00 | 0.02 |
Total power consumption | 0.22 |
Measurement Area | Location | Room Description |
---|---|---|
University | Laboratories of University |
|
University | Dormitory of University |
|
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Kuncoro, C.B.D.; Asyikin, M.B.Z.; Amaris, A. Smart-Autonomous Wireless Volatile Organic Compounds Sensor Node for Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Application. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2439. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042439
Kuncoro CBD, Asyikin MBZ, Amaris A. Smart-Autonomous Wireless Volatile Organic Compounds Sensor Node for Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Application. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(4):2439. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042439
Chicago/Turabian StyleKuncoro, C. Bambang Dwi, Moch Bilal Zaenal Asyikin, and Aurelia Amaris. 2022. "Smart-Autonomous Wireless Volatile Organic Compounds Sensor Node for Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Application" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4: 2439. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042439