“We Just Don’t Know Where They Are”: The Geographical Distribution of Exercise Classes for Older People, Including Those Living with Dementia in the East Midlands
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Study Data
- Demographic data: Percentages of population over 65 years were gathered from the 2011 census data, which was available through the ArcGIS software [29].
- Socio-economic data: UK Index of Multiple Deprivation 2015 was gathered from data available through the ArcGIS software [30].
- Population density data: World Population Density Estimate 2016 was gathered from data available through the ArcGIS software [31].
- Location data: Postcode data for exercise classes were gathered through an internet search using Google.
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Geocoding and Mapping
2.5. Spatial Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Location
3.2. Classes Compared to Population over 65 Years
3.3. Classes Compared to Levels of Deprivation
3.4. Classes Compared to Population Density
4. Discussion
4.1. Summary of Findings
4.2. Comparison with Other Studies
4.3. Strengths and Limitations
4.4. Further Research and Recommendations
4.4.1. Practice Recommendations
4.4.2. Research Recommendations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Percentage Population 65+ | <15 | 15.1—17 | 17.1—20 | >20 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
County | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % |
Derbyshire | 0 | 0 | 47 | 24 | 109 | 54 | 45 | 22 |
Leicestershire | 19 | 23 | 12 | 15 | 46 | 56 | 5 | 6 |
Lincolnshire | 21 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 19 | 53 | 58 |
Northamptonshire | 35 | 44 | 20 | 25 | 24 | 31 | 0 | 0 |
Nottinghamshire | 12 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 55 | 82 | 0 | 0 |
Socio-Economic Status | Low (0–1) | High (6—10) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
County | Number | % | Number | % |
Derbyshire | 91 | 45 | 107 | 55 |
Leicestershire | 50 | 63 | 30 | 33 |
Lincolnshire | 49 | 54 | 42 | 46 |
Northamptonshire | 36 | 46 | 43 | 54 |
Nottinghamshire | 26 | 39 | 41 | 61 |
Level of Urbanisation | Settled | Light Urban | Urban | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
County | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % |
Derbyshire | 11 | 6 | 59 | 32 | 115 | 62 |
Leicestershire | 0 | 0 | 12 | 15 | 66 | 85 |
Lincolnshire | 3 | 4 | 20 | 31 | 54 | 65 |
Northamptonshire | 1 | 1 | 23 | 27 | 60 | 72 |
Nottinghamshire | 7 | 10 | 27 | 39 | 35 | 51 |
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County | Number of Classes for Older People (People with Dementia) | Population Over 65 Years (Population Over 65 Years with Dementia) | Ratio of Over 65s/Class (People with Dementia/Class) |
---|---|---|---|
Derbyshire | 201 (4) | 174,956 (14,749) | 870 (3690) |
Leicestershire | 82 (3) | 144,892 (13,723) | 1767 (4574) |
Lincolnshire | 91 (5) | 179,805 (17,596) | 1976 (3519) |
Northamptonshire | 79 (0) | 136,682 (8883) | 1730 (-) |
Nottinghamshire | 67 (1) | 173,311 (13,245) | 2586 (13,245) |
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Long, A.; Timmons, S.; Di Lorito, C.; Booth, V.; Logan, P. “We Just Don’t Know Where They Are”: The Geographical Distribution of Exercise Classes for Older People, Including Those Living with Dementia in the East Midlands. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2142. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032142
Long A, Timmons S, Di Lorito C, Booth V, Logan P. “We Just Don’t Know Where They Are”: The Geographical Distribution of Exercise Classes for Older People, Including Those Living with Dementia in the East Midlands. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(3):2142. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032142
Chicago/Turabian StyleLong, Annabelle, Stephen Timmons, Claudio Di Lorito, Vicky Booth, and Pip Logan. 2023. "“We Just Don’t Know Where They Are”: The Geographical Distribution of Exercise Classes for Older People, Including Those Living with Dementia in the East Midlands" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3: 2142. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032142