A Qualitative Study on Young Men’s Experiences of Intentional Weight-Gain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Data Collection
2.2. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. General Perceptions of Male Body Image
I think with the kind of advent of kind of magazines and lots of the media influences, especially the pressure on girls is, to an extent, it’s creating a body image which is unachievable. And stuff like Photoshop and stuff has got a role to play in that. I guess the same for men, but I just don’t think they [men] are invested so much in, like, magazines and things like that. I mean, there are a few magazines which are popular with men. Not to the same extent, sort of thing.(Luke, 22)
There’s always been like the big movie stars […] Arnold Schwarzenegger for example, I mean he’s a big guy and like was always like something I think men were aware of and trying to work towards, but now I think there’s more awareness of it in terms of like the fitness magazines and stuff […] and through social media online and all that sort of stuff […] more publicity I suppose, so, you’re seeing a lot more pictures of guys which are bigger and so it’s becoming more of a regular thing to sort of, gym a lot, the protein shakes and all that sort of stuff to try and get on the extra weight and size and so I think yeah, I think it has increased a lot in the last, last wee while anyway.(Douglas, 19)
I think, yeah, at the end of the summer I was gaining weight but I was normally gaining, like, healthy weight. I was going to the gym, and drinking protein shakes, and eating more and fatter foods. So, well, I used to weigh, like, 62, 63 [kilograms], probably what I do now [at GlasVEGAS baseline]. So, I went up to 65, 66 at some point but then the studies [university work as a student] kicked in and, yeah, it was lots, like, a lot of work to do, like, different projects etc. So, then it just dropped down.(Simon, 21)
I’d probably be lying if I didn’t say it was mostly aesthetic. But the health, the health part of it is… I mean, I like to do a lot of outdoor sports as well, so a lot of it’s functional as well. Like, I’d like to be able to climb better and stuff like that.(Malcolm, 20)
Most guys wanna be muscular […] biologically it’s just—well, you wanna be attractive because you want to procreate and therefore you wanna look attractive so that the female is attracted to you and therefore you can procreate. And obviously being muscular shows that you are a better hunter or whatever and they’re, then you’re, kinda, that’s how I imagine that it, kinda, works.(Jack, 20)
I think it’s quite important to men, for some reason. I think they feel the bigger they are, it’s a determination o’ [of] their, like their masculinity, for some reason. I don’t perceive that, because I’m quite satisfied in the way I am and the way I look, but I do see it in the industry I currently work in [personal training]. You see it a lot—people putting in a lot o’ [of] effort into getting bigger, doing weird and wonderful things to achieve these goals, and like I wouldn’t be doing that because it’s dangerous, sorta thing.
I slightly feel more comfortable than… not having to feel muscly or trying to improve my body as much as maybe I did when I was seventeen or eighteen […].(Luke, 22)
3.2. The GlasVEGAS Study: Reasons for Choosing to Participate in the GlasVEGAS Study and Expectations of the Weight-Gain Process
3.2.1. Reasons for Taking Part in the GlasVEGAS Study
3.2.2. Expectations of the Weight-Gain Process
I’ll be expected to eat more […] sweet and savoury stuff, like Ben and Jerry’s […] chocolate and the crisps and stuff like that, so I’ll just be slotting them into the gaps in between meals […] quite a lot of snacking […] there’s definitely an emphasis on the, what you’d originally, sort of, think of as a bit luxury items and stuff like that, and stuff you try and keep away from, so it’s quite good to get a bit of a free lease on it and just get to go all out on ‘pigging out’.(Douglas, 19)
3.2.3. Prior Experiences of Changes in Weight
I thought it would be quite easy considering I’d been up at that kind of weight beforehand. OK, it had been a few years, but I thought, ‘I should be able to get to that weight again. It shouldn’t be too hard.’(Marcus, 22)
I went to university for the first time, and because I could eat what I like, I gained weight quite a bit. Then I noticed what was happening and stopped eating, apart from things like toast—and then dropped very quickly. My weight yo-yos quite a lot, but always within a certain range. For the last year or so, it’s been between thirteen and fourteen [stones]—and that’s usually a result of eating a lot and then starving a lot, which I recognise is very unhealthy.(Kevin, 28)
3.2.4. Expectations of the Consequences of Weight-Gain
I thought it would be quite fun. The idea of gaining weight, it’s not something I’ve ever done before. … I’ve always actually struggled to put weight on, so I thought it would be quite an interesting thing to do, to kind of gain weight and lose it again.(Philip, 28)
A small amount at seven percent. I don’t think it’ll make huge, drastic changes, no. I actually thought it might make me look a bit healthier and a wee bit more fuller, ‘cause I do know that I have, like, I’m more ectomorph [naturally lean and tall build] on the scale—so maybe a wee bit o’ [of] extra timber [body weight] about the place will make me look a wee bit healthier.(Andy, 30)
If I start to notice myself looking fat, I think I will be slightly self-conscious. Though I guess in my mind’s eye, I know, hopefully, it’ll just be, you know, a temporary change. So that, I think that will kind of help me justify it and kind of not let it, kind of, affect me too much […].(Luke, 22)
I always want to, like, appear fit and healthy to other people as well so I suppose I’ve been deliberately letting people know that I’m doing this, so they don’t just sort of see the weight change over the next four weeks and then sort of be thinking to themselves, ‘Oh, he’s put on a bit of, bit of weight,’ so like, at least that way they’ll be aware of it […].(Douglas, 19)
I’ve spoken to a couple of people at uni[versity] about it, and yeah, a lot of people […] they see it as a fun idea to kind of, you know, basically be paid and be given food to gain weight.(Philip, 28)
3.3. Experiences of Weight-Gain and Consequences of Overeating during the GlasVEGAS Study: Follow-Up Assessment
3.3.1. Experience of Weight-Gain Process
I was always surprised at how much food it was […] I thought I’d just need two tubs. But six or seven is required. You know, and like six or seven tubs of ice cream [per week], like, that’s, you know, like, it’s an awful lot. […] I didn’t realise this is how much it took to, you know, gain [weight]. ‘Cause it was like stuff like, you know, two kilograms of peanuts, tins of Pringles. […] and I was like, ‘Oh, god, like what have I signed myself up for?’(Kieran, 24)
To start off wi’ [with], it was a novelty, eating treats every day. First couple of weeks I gained [weight] quite nicely but recently it’s just been a nightmare. […] I was putting food into my mouth and going ‘Oh I’ve had enough’ but I’ve still had, like, half a can o’ Pringles to go […] I sat here the last time [baseline interview] and says it was gonna be really easy, I’ll do it no problem, and I thought about that throughout the time as well and thinking ‘No, this is really, really hard.’(Andy, 30)
Mothers, they love to feed. Whereas […] saying ‘Actually, can you cook me something that’s really low fat? And I’m losing weight.’ That’s […] more intrusive, and might be more difficult. Whereas this was like ‘Yeah, just pile it on.’ And ‘Here, here, have some chocolate! Have a second dessert!’ […] almost as a game.(Philip, 28)
I’d say one of the sort of more annoying impacts was when I’d be in the library and I’d literally be eating, you know, out of a jar of Nutella with a spoon and I know people would be walking past me, like, judging me for it an’ that was kind of uncomfortable. Like, I wanted to tell everyone ‘I have to, this is a study, I’m not just incredibly greedy.’(Malcolm, 22)
You sort of got it into your head […] how many calories were in a, for example, a tub of Pringles, or something like that. It was around nine hundred or something like that. So, you’d be sitting there thinking, ‘All right I need to have—throughout a day I’ll have that and, maybe a bag of Haribo [sweets] or, something like that [crisps] as well. And, that will be enough to make up for the fifteen hundred calories’. So, you’d almost, like […] set targets I guess at the start of the day.(Douglas, 19)
It kinda gives me a more understanding of like how people get in the habit of, [be]cause when you eat junk food one day it just seems like you want to eat junk food again. And I noticed when I would have pizzas, it was much easier to go and get a bag of crisps rather than if I was having my chicken, sweetcorn […] so I can see how it’s kinda a downward spiral there.(Marcus, 22)
It’s the chewing and it’s the constant repetition of doing it every day. […] [it] became so tiring and then, like, you’re feeling bloated and you’re not feeling good […] wi’ [with] me being quite a mentally strong person, being vulnerable and, for what I perceived as weak […] ‘This is meant to be easy, this should be easy, it’s only a thousand calories, it’s no’ [not] that much, it’s only a box o’ [of] Pringles’.(Andy, 30)
I’d get a blender, a whole tub of Ben and Jerry’s, maybe four, five tablespoons of peanut butter, full fat milk, sort of Nutella, and then just blend it and drink it.(Malcolm, 20)
There were a couple of days where I was literally, I couldn’t be bothered thinking about everything that I had to eat. So, I would just stick a tub of Ben and Jerry’s in the microwave, melt it down and then just end up, like, sort of drinking it over an hour or two period.(Douglas, 19)
3.3.2. Consequences of the Weight-Gain Process
I would have thought that it would show more, like that, I was expecting to, well, just looking in the mirror, to have changed more. […] ‘cause you’re thinking ‘Okay, I only put on, like, three kilos, so, it’s normal that I look pretty much the same.’ But actually now that I know that I gained about five and a half kilos I’m pretty surprised that, like, I’m just looking pretty much exactly the same as I did before the weight-gain. […] I guess I just kinda look a little bit bigger but not even in a bad way. You could almost think that I’m more muscular although it’s all fat, which is weird.(Jack, 20)
My mum does say she noticed, like, a difference in my face, but like a positive one, kind o’ [of] like I didn’t have enough weight on it before. So she was kind o’ like happy about this.(Davie, 19)
Psychologically I just […] believe I will feel that I’m more attractive when I’m thinner […] I become out of breath much more quickly, I get tired a lot. I notice that I’m fatter than I used to be and I noticed it in places that I didn’t really expect. I looked down in the shower, one day, and noticed I have fat ankles now. That is what I am. I am a person with fat ankles, and that was not a pleasant realisation at all. So yeah, participating, doing things was fun—the effects of it was not. […] The biggest surprise, I think, was that it was noticeable at all. I did not expect a seven percent bodyweight gain to have such noticeable effects on me.(Kevin, 28)
[I felt] A bit less confident to be honest, a bit quieter in social situations ‘cause I always felt like if I’m doing something like not really loud and daft, I’m just like, ‘I can’t over extend, because I’ve got so much weight here and all that’.(Marcus, 22)
It’s probably the first time I’ve felt kind of self-conscious in any way about how I looked. […] It was like a twang of self-conscious […] if I had put on a lot more weight, I would definitely… I could see how this would lead me to kind of not doing those kind of things, or avoiding those kind of activities [i.e., frequenting gym/swimming pool].(Philip, 28)
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pseudonym | Age | Employment Status | Interview Time Point | Number of Interviews |
---|---|---|---|---|
Malcolm | 20 | Student | T1, T2 | 2 |
Philip | 28 | Student | T1, T2 | 2 |
Robert | 25 | Student | T1, T2 | 2 |
Davie | 19 | Student | T1, T2 | 2 |
Andy | 30 | Employed | T1, T2 | 2 |
Simon | 21 | Student | T1, T2 | 2 |
Luke | 22 | Student | T1, T2 | 2 |
Matt | 21 | Student | T1, T2 | 2 |
Douglas | 19 | Student | T1, T2 | 2 |
Jack | 20 | Student | T1, T2 | 2 |
Kieran | 24 | Student | T2 only | 1 |
Marcus | 22 | Student | T2 only | 1 |
Kevin | 28 | Student | T2 only | 1 |
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Donnachie, C.; Sweeting, H.; Hunt, K. A Qualitative Study on Young Men’s Experiences of Intentional Weight-Gain. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 3320. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043320
Donnachie C, Sweeting H, Hunt K. A Qualitative Study on Young Men’s Experiences of Intentional Weight-Gain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(4):3320. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043320
Chicago/Turabian StyleDonnachie, Craig, Helen Sweeting, and Kate Hunt. 2023. "A Qualitative Study on Young Men’s Experiences of Intentional Weight-Gain" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4: 3320. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043320