Self-Rated Health as a Predictor of Mortality in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Study Selection Criteria
2.3. Data Extraction
2.4. Quality Assessment
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author(s), Year | Country | Study Setting | Medical Conditions | Sample Size | Age (Years) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wuorela et al., 2020 [18] | Finland | Community | No specific conditions (men only) | 1008 | 70.0 ± 0.0 * |
Godaert et al., 2018 [11] | France | Hospital, emergency | Hospitalised for an acute condition | 223 | 85.1 ± 5.5 * |
Godard-Sebillotte et al., 2016 [12] | France | Hospital, emergency | Hospitalised for an acute condition | 223 | 85.1 ± 5.5 * |
Mavaddat et al., 2016 [19] | England and Wales | Community including care homes | No specific conditions | 11,957 | 74.8 ± 6.6 * |
Brown et al., 2015 [20] | USA | Community | No specific conditions; exclusion of end-stage renal disease at baseline | 191,001 | 75.0 ± x.x * |
Gurland et al., 2014 [21] | USA | Community | No specific conditions | 2128 | 76.0 ± 5.8 * |
Shen et al., 2014 [15] | Hong Kong | Health centres | No specific conditions | 66,814 | ≥65 |
Fernández-Ruiz et al., 2013 [22] | Spain | Community | No specific conditions | 4958 | 74.1 ± 6.8 * |
Puts et al., 2013 [2] | Canada | Hospital | Cancer | 112 | 74.2 ± 6.0 * |
Ernstein et al., 2011 [23] | Norway | Community | No specific conditions; exclusion of cardiovascular disease at baseline | 5808 | 76.0 ± 4.9 * |
Khang et al., 2010 [24] | Korea | Community | No specific conditions | 1448 | ≥65 |
Ford et al., 2008 [25] | Australia | Community | No specific conditions (women only) | 12,422 | 70–75 ♦ |
Johansson et al., 2008 [26] | Sweden | Community | Presence of signs or symptoms associated with chronic heart failure | 448 | 73.0 ± 5.6 * |
Okamoto et al., 2008 [27] | Japan | Community | No specific conditions | 784 | ≥65 |
Lee et al., 2007 [28] | USA | Community | No specific conditions | 6298 | ≥70 |
Van den Brink et al., 2005 [29] | Finland, Italy, and Netherlands | Community | No specific conditions (men only) | 1141 | 76.5 ± 4.4 * |
Baron-Epel et al., 2004 [30] | Israel | Community | No specific conditions | 1138 | 77.5 (70–101) # |
Walker et al., 2004 [31] | Canada | Community | No specific conditions | 8697 | 75.7 ± 7.1 * |
Bath, 2003 [32] | UK | Community | No specific conditions | 1042 | ≥65 |
Helmer et al., 1999 [33] | France | Community | No specific conditions | 3660 | 75.2 (65–101) # |
Yu et al., 1998 [17] | Shanghai | Community | No specific conditions | 3094 | ≥65 |
Leung et al., 1997 [34] | Taiwan | Long-term facility | No specific conditions | 411 | 77.5 ± x.x * |
Schoenfeld et al., 1994 [35] | USA | Community | Aging successfully | 1037 | 70–79 ♦ |
Tsuji et al., 1994 [16] | Japan | Community | No specific conditions | 2252 | 65–113 ♦ |
Pijls et al., 1993 [13] | Netherlands | Community | No specific conditions (men only) | 783 | 65–85 ♦ |
Rakowski et al., 1993 [14] | USA | Community | No specific conditions | 5630 | ≥70 |
Author(s), Year | Outcome | Medical Conditions | Analysis | Results | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SRH Levels | Estimates (95% CI) | p | ||||
Wuorela et al., 2020 [18] | 5-year mortality | No specific conditions | aHR | Good/rather good | Reference | |
Poor | 2.17 (1.42–3.31) | <0.001 | ||||
10-year mortality | Good | Reference | ||||
Rather good | 2.29 (1.24–4.23) | 0.009 | ||||
Poor | 4.08 (2.14–7.77) | <0.001 | ||||
27-year mortality | Good | Reference | ||||
Rather good | 1.19 (0.94–1.51) | 0.14 | ||||
Poor | 1.62 (1.23–2.13 | <0.001 | ||||
Godaert et al., 2018 [11] | 6-month mortality | Hospitalised for an acute condition | aHR | Very good/good | Reference | |
Medium to very poor | 2.7 (1.6–4.7) | 0.0003 | ||||
1-year mortality | Very good/good | Reference | ||||
Medium to very poor | 2.4 (1.5–4.0) | 0.0006 | ||||
2-year-mortality | Very good/good | Reference | ||||
Medium to very poor | 1.9 (1.3–2.9) | 0.002 | ||||
3-year mortality | Very good/good | Reference | ||||
Medium to very poor | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) | 0.01 | ||||
Godard-Sebillotte et al., 2016 [12] | 6-week mortality | Hospitalised for an acute condition | aHR | Very good/good | Reference | |
Medium to very poor | 2.61 (1.18–5.77) | 0.02 | ||||
Mavaddat et al., 2016 [19] | 2-year mortality | No specific conditions, no prior history of stroke | aOR | Excellent/good | Reference | |
Fair/poor | 1.7 (1.4–2.0) | S | ||||
No specific conditions, prior history of stroke | Excellent/good | Reference | ||||
Fair/poor | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | NS | ||||
13-year mortality | No specific conditions, no prior history of stroke | aHR | Excellent | Reference | ||
Good | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | S | ||||
Fair | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | S | ||||
Poor | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | NS | ||||
No specific conditions, prior history of stroke | Excellent | Reference | ||||
Good | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | NS | ||||
Fair | 0.8 (0.4–1.3) | NS | ||||
Poor | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) | NS | ||||
Brown et al., 2015 [20] | 90-day mortality | No specific conditions, no end-stage renal disease | aHR | Excellent | Reference | |
Very good | 1.00 (0.56–1.78) | NS | ||||
Good | 1.65 (0.95–2.85) | NS | ||||
Fair | 3.03 (1.73–5.30) | <0.001 | ||||
Poor | 7.36 (4.08–13.25) | <0.001 | ||||
Maximum follow-up mortality (>2.5 years) | aHR | Excellent | Reference | |||
Very good | 1.13 (1.01–1.27) | <0.05 | ||||
Good | 1.60 (1.43–1.79) | <0.001 | ||||
Fair | 2.52 (2.25–2.83) | <0.001 | ||||
Poor | 4.24 (3.73–4.82) | <0.001 | ||||
Gurland et al., 2014 [21] | 16-year survival | No specific conditions | aHR | Poor | Reference | |
Excellent | 0.69 (0.54–0.89) | S | ||||
Good | 0.79 (0.63–0.99) | S | ||||
Fair | 0.77 (0.62–0.96) | S | ||||
Shen et al., 2014 [15] | 10-year all-cause mortality | No specific conditions | aHR | Better | Reference | |
Normal | 0.86 (0.81–0.91) | S | ||||
Worse | 0.91 (0.86–0.96) | S | ||||
10-year cardiovascular disease mortality | Better | Reference | ||||
Normal | 0.85 (0.77–0.94) | S | ||||
Worse | 0.84 (0.76–0.94) | S | ||||
10-year stroke mortality | Better | Reference | ||||
Normal | 0.83 (0.70–0.99) | S | ||||
Worse | 0.88 (0.76–1.05) | NS | ||||
10-year ischemic heart disease mortality | Better | Reference | ||||
Normal | 0.88 (0.74–1.03) | NS | ||||
Worse | 0.84 (0.71–0.99) | S | ||||
10-year all-cancer mortality | Better | Reference | ||||
Normal | 0.90 (0.81–0.99) | S | ||||
Worse | 0.97 (0.87–1.08) | NS | ||||
10-year all-respiratory disease mortality | Better | Reference | ||||
Normal | 0.85 (0.75–0.96) | S | ||||
Worse | 0.93 (0.82–1.06) | NS | ||||
Fernández-Ruiz et al., 2013 [22] | 13-year all-cause mortality | No specific conditions | aHR | Very good | Reference | |
Good | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | NS | ||||
Fair | 1.22 (1.03–1.44) | <0.05 | ||||
Poor/very poor | 1.39 (1.15–1.69) | <0.01 | ||||
Puts et al., 2013 [2] | 12-month mortality | Newly diagnosed cancer | aHR | Good/excellent | Reference | |
Fair/poor/very poor | 1.33 (0.50–3.53) | NS | ||||
Ernstein et al., 2011 [23] | 10-year IHD mortality | No specific conditions; exclusion of cardiovascular disease at baseline (men) | aHR | Very good/good | Reference | |
Fair/poor | 1.23 (0.91–1.67) | NS | ||||
No specific conditions; exclusion of cardiovascular disease at baseline (women) | Very good/good | Reference | ||||
Fair/poor | 1.61 (1.14–2.29) | S | ||||
10-year all-cause mortality | No specific conditions; exclusion of cardiovascular disease at baseline (men) | Very good/good | Reference | |||
Fair/poor | 1.42 (1.25–1.61) | S | ||||
No specific conditions; exclusion of cardiovascular disease at baseline(women) | Very good/good | Reference | ||||
Fair/poor | 1.60 (1.39–1.84) | S | ||||
Khang et al., 2010 [24] | Long-term mortality | No specific conditions, non-institutionalized population, men | aHR | Very good/good/fair | Reference | |
Very poor/poor | 2.21 (1.47–3.33) | S | ||||
No specific conditions, non-institutionalized population (women) | Very good/good/fair | Reference | ||||
Very poor/poor | 2.05 (1.33–3.15) | S | ||||
Ford et al., 2008 [25] | Long-term mortality | No specific conditions (women only) | aHR | Excellent | Reference | |
Very good | 1.04 (0.77–1.41) | NS | ||||
Good | 1.27 (0.95–1.70) | NS | ||||
Fair | 2.10 (1.56–2.83) | S | ||||
Poor | 3.83 (2.73–5.38) | S | ||||
Johansson et al., 2008 [26] | 10-year cardiovascular mortality | Presence of signs or symptoms associated with chronic heart failure | aHR | Very good | Reference | |
Good | 3.4 (1.4–7.8) | 0.005 | ||||
Poor | 4.1 (1.8–9.4) | 0.001 | ||||
Okamoto et al., 2008 [27] | 6-year mortality | No specific conditions (men) | aHR | Fair/Poor | Reference | 0.04 # |
Good | 0.63 (0.32–0.98) | |||||
Excellent | 0.48 (0.14–1.07) | |||||
No specific conditions (women) | Fair/poor | Reference | 0.40 # | |||
Good | 0.78 (0.41–1.33) | |||||
Excellent | 0.74 (0.21–1.32) | |||||
Lee et al., 2007 [28] | 4-year mortality | No specific conditions (Black Americans of ≥80 years) | aOR | Good | Reference | |
Poor | 1.9 (1.1–3.2) | S | ||||
No specific conditions (White Americans of ≥80 years) | Good | Reference | ||||
Poor | 2.0 (1.7–2.5) | S | ||||
Van den Brink et al., 2005 [29] | 10-year mortality | No specific conditions (only men born between 1900 and 1920) | aHR | Healthy | Reference | |
Not healthy | 1.19 (0.97–1.46) | NS | ||||
Baron-Epel et al., 2004 [30] | 91-month mortality | No specific conditions (men) | aHR | Sub-optimal | Reference | |
Optimal | 1.33 (1.10–1.61) | <0.01 | ||||
No specific conditions (women) | aHR | Sub-optimal | Reference | |||
Optimal | 1.40 (1.17–1.67) | <0.01 | ||||
Walker et al., 2004 [31] | 5-year mortality | No specific conditions, cognitively intact | aHR | Good | Reference | |
Poor | 1.57 (1.38–1.78) | S | ||||
No specific conditions, mild to moderate cognitive impairment | Good | Reference | ||||
Poor | 1.26 (1.01–1.59) | S | ||||
No specific conditions, severe cognitive impairment | Good | Reference | ||||
Poor | 1.00 (0.76–1.31) | NS | ||||
Bath, 2003 [32] | 4-year mortality | No specific conditions (men) | aHR | Excellent | Reference | |
Good | 0.67 (0.35–1.29) | NS | ||||
Average | 1.17 (0.55–2.50) | NS | ||||
Fair | 0.62 (0.25–1.53) | NS | ||||
Poor | 0.87 (0.32–2.33) | NS | ||||
No specific conditions (women) | aHR | Excellent | Reference | |||
Good | 1.44 (0.63–3.29) | NS | ||||
Average | 1.15 (0.44–2.98) | NS | ||||
Fair | 1.13 (0.41–3.06) | NS | ||||
Poor | 1.98 (0.63–6.25) | NS | ||||
12-year mortality | No specific conditions (men) | aHR | Excellent | Reference | ||
Good | 0.94 (0.66–1.34) | NS | ||||
Average | 1.16 (0.73–1.83) | NS | ||||
Fair | 1.01 (0.61–1.66) | NS | ||||
Poor | 1.54 (0.84–2.83) | NS | ||||
No specific conditions (women) | aHR | Excellent | Reference | |||
Good | 1.09 (0.76–1.57) | NS | ||||
Average | 0.84 (0.54–1.31) | NS | ||||
Fair | 1.17 (0.75–1.84) | NS | ||||
Poor | 1.30 (0.72–2.36) | NS | ||||
Helmer et al., 1999 [33] | 5-year mortality | No specific conditions | aHR | Very good | Reference | |
Good | 1.93 (1.15–3.23) | <0.05 | ||||
Fair | 2.01 (1.16–3.46) | <0.05 | ||||
Bad/very bad | 1.87 (0.99–3.55) | NS | ||||
Yu et al., 1998 [17] | 5-year mortality | No specific conditions (aged 65–74 years) | aHR | Excellent/good | Reference | |
Fair | 2.16 (1.44–3.25) | <0.001 | ||||
Poor | 1.93 (1.20–3.11) | 0.007 | ||||
No specific conditions (aged 75 years and older) | Excellent/good | Reference | ||||
Fair | 1.14 (0.87–1.49) | 0.338 | ||||
Poor | 1.34 (0.95–1.88) | 0.092 | ||||
Leung et al., 1997 [34] | 3-year mortality | No specific conditions (living in institutions) | aHR | Good | Reference | |
Average | 4.05 (0.93–17.70) | NS | ||||
Fair/poor | 6.00 (1.39–25.90) | S | ||||
Schoenfeld et al., 1994 [35] | 3-year mortality | Aging successfully | aOR | Excellent | Reference | 0.0001 # |
Good | 2.69 (2.15–3.38) | |||||
Fair | 7.26 (4.61–11.44) | |||||
Poor/bad | 19.56 (9.89–38.68) | |||||
Tsuji et al., 1994 [16] | 3-year all-cause mortality | No specific conditions | aHR | Excellent/good | Reference | |
Fair | 2.23 (1.53–3.26) | S | ||||
Poor | 3.07 (1.50–6.26) | S | ||||
3-year cancer mortality | Excellent/good | Reference | ||||
Fair | 3.41 (1.86–6.24) | S | ||||
Poor | 13.61 (3.47–53.42) | S | ||||
3-year stroke mortality | Excellent/good | Reference | ||||
Fair | 2.44 (0.97–6.15) | NS | ||||
Poor | 2.48 (0.68–9.07) | NS | ||||
3-year heart disease mortality | Excellent/good | Reference | ||||
Fair | 0.96 (0.32–2.86) | NS | ||||
Poor | 1.34 (0.21–8.50) | NS | ||||
Pijls et al., 1993 [13] | 5-year all-cause mortality | No specific conditions (men) | aHR | Healthy | Reference | <0.001 # |
Rather healthy | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | |||||
Moderately healthy | 2.4 (1.5–3.8) | |||||
Not healthy | 5.4 (2.7–11.0) | |||||
5-year cardiovascular diseases mortality | Healthy | Reference | 0.09 # | |||
Rather healthy | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | |||||
Moderately healthy /not healthy | 1.9 (0.9–3.8) | |||||
5-year cancer mortality | Healthy | Reference | 0.003 # | |||
Rather healthy | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) | |||||
Moderately healthy /not healthy | 4.2 (1.9–9.4) | |||||
Rakowski et al., 1993 [14] | Long-term mortality | No specific conditions | OR | Excellent | Reference | |
Very good | 1.22 (0.98–1.53) | NS | ||||
Good | 1.48 (1.21–1.82) | S | ||||
Fair | 2.40 (1.93–3.00) | S | ||||
Poor | 4.49 (3.50–5.77) | S |
Author(s), Year | Study Design | Selection | Comparability | Outcome | Total Score | Quality Rating |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wuorela et al., 2020 [18] | Longitudinal | **** | ** | *** | 9 | High |
Godaert et al., 2018 [11] | Longitudinal | **** | ** | *** | 9 | High |
Godard-Sebillotte et al., 2016 [12] | Longitudinal | **** | ** | *** | 9 | High |
Mavaddat et al., 2016 [19] | Longitudinal | *** | ** | *** | 8 | High |
Brown et al., 2015 [20] | Longitudinal | *** | ** | *** | 8 | High |
Gurland et al., 2014 [21] | Longitudinal | **** | ** | *** | 9 | High |
Shen et al., 2014 [15] | Longitudinal | **** | ** | *** | 9 | High |
Fernández-Ruiz et al., 2013 [22] | Longitudinal | **** | ** | *** | 9 | High |
Puts et al., 2013 [2] | Longitudinal | *** | ** | *** | 8 | High |
Ernstein et al., 2011 [23] | Longitudinal | *** | ** | *** | 8 | High |
Khang et al., 2010 [24] | Longitudinal | *** | ** | ** | 7 | High |
Ford et al., 2008 [25] | Longitudinal | *** | ** | *** | 8 | High |
Johansson et al., 2008 [26] | Longitudinal | *** | ** | *** | 8 | High |
Okamoto et al., 2008 [27] | Longitudinal | **** | ** | *** | 9 | High |
Lee et al., 2007 [28] | Longitudinal | **** | ** | *** | 9 | High |
Van den Brink et al., 2005 [29] | Longitudinal | *** | ** | *** | 8 | High |
Baron-Epel et al., 2004 [30] | Longitudinal | **** | ** | *** | 9 | High |
Walker et al., 2004 [31] | Longitudinal | **** | ** | *** | 9 | High |
Bath, 2003 [32] | Longitudinal | **** | ** | *** | 8 | High |
Helmer et al., 1999 [33] | Longitudinal | **** | ** | *** | 9 | High |
Yu et al., 1998 [17] | Longitudinal | **** | ** | *** | 9 | High |
Leung et al., 1997 [34] | Longitudinal | ** | ** | *** | 7 | High |
Schoenfeld et al., 1994 [35] | Longitudinal | **** | ** | *** | 9 | High |
Tsuji et al., 1994 [16] | Longitudinal | *** | ** | *** | 8 | High |
Pijls et al., 1993 [13] | Longitudinal | *** | ** | *** | 8 | High |
Rakowski et al., 1993 [14] | Longitudinal | **** | ** | *** | 9 | High |
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Dramé, M.; Cantegrit, E.; Godaert, L. Self-Rated Health as a Predictor of Mortality in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 3813. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053813
Dramé M, Cantegrit E, Godaert L. Self-Rated Health as a Predictor of Mortality in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(5):3813. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053813
Chicago/Turabian StyleDramé, Moustapha, Eléonore Cantegrit, and Lidvine Godaert. 2023. "Self-Rated Health as a Predictor of Mortality in Older Adults: A Systematic Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 5: 3813. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053813