Exploring Performance of Pyrolysis-Derived Plastic Oils in Gas Turbine Engines
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Fuel
3. Test Stand and Methodological Approach of GTM-140 Engine
4. Performance Characteristics of the GTM-140 Engine
5. Emission Indexes of the GTM-140 Engine
6. Conclusions
- The thermal productivity of the micro gas turbine engine, as suggested by thrust-specific fuel consumption, was found to be comparable to standard fuel when operated on polystyrene oil, across a majority of the characteristics. For lower rotational speeds up to 60,000 rpm, the inclusion of more PSO in the blend with JET A resulted in an elevation in TSFC by up to 20% relative to pure JET A. However, despite a significantly lower heating value of up to 10%, the TSFC of the engine functioning on polystyrene pyrolytic oil was observed to be similar to that powered by the standard fuel for the rest of the TSFC traits.
- The exit temperatures of the gas turbine engine registered a rise by 10–15 °C for PSO/JET A blends in comparison to pure JET A.
- A pronounced escalation in the thrust-specific NOX emission index of the micro gas turbine was noticed with the introduction of polystyrene oil to the blend with JET A. This trend remained constant for all examined PSO blends across the entirety of speeds probed, with the maximum average increase being 70% for pure PSO in contrast to pure JET A.
- The thrust-specific CO emission index for PSO/JET A blends was typically elevated by around 5–20% in comparison to that of JET A, contingent on the PSO content and operational range.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
CO | carbon monoxide |
CO2 | carbon diooxide |
NOx | nitrogen oxides |
HHV | higher heating value |
PS | polystyrene |
PSO | polystyrene oil |
PS25, PS50, PS75, PS100 | blend of PSO with JET A with 25%, 50%, 75% 100% of PSO, respectively |
UHC | unburned hydrocarbons |
WPPO | waste plastic pyrolysis oil |
EGT [°C] | exhaust gas temperature |
EIi,τ [-] | gas species (i) thrust-specific emission index |
[kg/h] | fuel mass flow rate |
[kg/h] | gas species (i) mass flow rate |
MWfuel [kg/mol] | fuel molecular weight |
MWi [kg/mol] | gas species (i) molecular weight |
τ [N] | static thrust |
TSFC [kg/sN] | thrust-specific fuel consumption |
x | number of carbon atoms in the fuel molecule |
[-] | carbon monoxide mole fraction |
[-] | carbon dioxide mole fraction |
[-] | gas species (i) mole fraction |
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ASTM Standard | Unit | Property | Method |
---|---|---|---|
D1298 [18] | kg/m3 | Density | density meters with U-tube oscillators (U-tube) |
D445 [19] | m2/s | Kinematic Viscosity | Rheometer |
D4809-95 [20] | MJ/kg | Calorific value | Calorimeter |
D92 [21] | °C | Flash point | Persky–Martens flash point test |
Property | JET A | PSO | Diesel [16] |
---|---|---|---|
Molecular weight [kg/kmol] | 142 | 117.8 | - |
Chemical formula | C10H22 | C9,51H9,66 | |
Density [kg/m3] | 821 (at 15 °C) | 943.5 | 840 |
Viscosity [cP] | 1.5–2.6 (at 20 °C) | 1.012 | 2.62 (at 40 °C) |
HHV [MJ/kg] | 43.28 | 40.5 | 42.9 |
Flash point [°C] | 42 | >24 | 59.5 |
Sulfur [wt%] | 0.3 | - | 0.00135 |
C content [wt%] | 86.15 | 92 | 86.57 |
H2 content [wt%] | 13.85 | 8 | 13.38 |
O2 content [wt%] | 0.10 | - | 0.05 |
Aromatic content [wt%] | 26 | 98 | 29.6 |
Measured Parameter | Range | Unit | Device/Sensor Type | Resolution | Uncertainty |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Temperatures of inlet/exit compressor/turbine sector (T1–T4) | 0–1100 °C | °C | Thermocouple K-Type | 1 °C | ±1 °C |
Pressure of inlet/exit compressor and turbine sector (P1–P4) | P1 0–0.98 bar(a) P2–P4 0–9.8 bar(a) | bar | Digital pressure transducers | 0.01 bar | ±1.0% |
Static Thrust | 0:200 | N | Strain gauges | 1 N | 1 mV/V |
Fuel volumetric flow | 0.5–100 | LPH | Oval-gear flowmeter | 0.01 LPH | ±0.5% |
Rotational speed | 0:200,000 | rpm | Rotational speed sensor—magnetic pick-up | 1 rpm | ±0.5% |
Gas Emissions | Range | Unit | Device/Sensor Type | Resolution | Uncertainty |
Oxygen | 0:20.95 | % | Electrochemical | 0.01% | ±0.2% absolute |
or 5% rel. | |||||
Carbon monoxide | 0:5000 | ppm | Electrochemical | 1 ppm | ±5 ppm absolute |
or 5% rel. |
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Suchocki, T.; Kazimierski, P.; Januszewicz, K.; Lampart, P.; Gawron, B.; Białecki, T. Exploring Performance of Pyrolysis-Derived Plastic Oils in Gas Turbine Engines. Energies 2024, 17, 3903. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17163903
Suchocki T, Kazimierski P, Januszewicz K, Lampart P, Gawron B, Białecki T. Exploring Performance of Pyrolysis-Derived Plastic Oils in Gas Turbine Engines. Energies. 2024; 17(16):3903. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17163903
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuchocki, Tomasz, Paweł Kazimierski, Katarzyna Januszewicz, Piotr Lampart, Bartosz Gawron, and Tomasz Białecki. 2024. "Exploring Performance of Pyrolysis-Derived Plastic Oils in Gas Turbine Engines" Energies 17, no. 16: 3903. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17163903