Dual Effect of Hydrothermal Fluid on Shale Oil Reservoir in Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin: Constrained by C-O Isotope and Geochemistry
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Setting
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Samples
3.2. Experiments
- FE-SEM and EDS
- 2.
- C-O isotope
- 3.
- XRD
4. Results
4.1. Petrological and Mineral Characteristics
4.2. Geochemical Characteristics
4.3. Brittleness Characteristics
5. Discussions
5.1. The Range Affected by Hydrothermal Fluids
5.1.1. Minerals Character
5.1.2. C-O Isotope Character
5.2. The Effect of Hydrothermal Fluid on Organic Matter Enrichment
5.3. The Dual Effect of Hydrothermal Fluid on Brittleness
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- Typical hydrothermal mineral identification (such as rutile, sphalerite, fluorapatite, barite, chalcopyrite, chromium sulfide) and shift to negative of C-O isotope character from Q1 to Q9 implied Q4 and Q8 unit are the main hydrothermal fluid influence area, and its effect become weaker in other units.
- (2)
- The Ro, TOC and S1 + S2 evolution character, accompany with the volcanic ash strata distribution character, implied that the hydrothermal activity cannot proliferation of algae blooms by nutrient elements input, but its high temperature (around 208 °C), calculated by δ18O temperature calculation formulas, promote the organic matter mature process around Q4 and Q8.
- (3)
- The high temperature and element from hydrothermal fluid changed the minerals composition and decreased the brittleness index based on XRD, though the overpressure caused by this process has a protection for the shale reservoir, but it also has a certain consistent effect on the formation of brittle minerals.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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NO. | Sample NO. | Unit | Depth/m | δ13C/PDB/‰ | δ18O/PDB/‰ | Lithology Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | G8-9-1 | Q9 | 2396.1 | 10.4 | −9.5 | laminated shale |
2 | G8-9-2 | Q9 | 2404.0 | 9.7 | −10.2 | laminated shale |
3 | G8-9-3 | Q9 | 2411.5 | 6.4 | −13.7 | laminated shale |
4 | G8-9-5 | Q9 | 2416.0 | 5.1 | −15.2 | laminated shale |
5 | G8-8-1 | Q8 | 2420.6 | 4.6 | −16.8 | laminated shale |
6 | G8-8-2 | Q8 | 2423.6 | 4.7 | −17.7 | laminated shale |
7 | G8-8-3 | Q8 | 2428.6 | 4.5 | −17.4 | laminated shale |
8 | G8-8-5 | Q8 | 2435.6 | 10.1 | −12.7 | laminated shale |
9 | G8-7-2 | Q7 | 2444.6 | 9.9 | −11.3 | Dolomite-bearing banded lamellar shale |
10 | G8-7-3 | Q7 | 2448.0 | 10.7 | −9.9 | laminated shale |
11 | G8-7-5 | Q7 | 2455.1 | 11.3 | −8.4 | laminated shale |
12 | G8-6-1 | Q6 | 2456.1 | 15.4 | −7.0 | laminated shale |
13 | G8-6-2 | Q6 | 2460.1 | 14.7 | −7.3 | laminated shale |
14 | G8-6-3 | Q6 | 2465.1 | 13.5 | −8.1 | laminated shale |
15 | G8-6-5 | Q6 | 2469.2 | 14.2 | −7.4 | Dolomite-bearing banded lamellar shale |
16 | G8-5-2 | Q5 | 2472.1 | 12.6 | −6.2 | Dolomite-bearing banded lamellar shale |
17 | G8-5-3 | Q5 | 2476.5 | 10.1 | −9.8 | Dolomite-bearing banded lamellar shale |
18 | G8-5-4 | Q5 | 2479.5 | 9.1 | −10.9 | laminated shale |
19 | G8-4-1 | Q4 | 2482.1 | 7.4 | −11.5 | laminated shale |
20 | G8-4-3 | Q4 | 2490.1 | 6.8 | −12.2 | laminated shale |
21 | G8-4-4 | Q4 | 2493.1 | 6.2 | −12.6 | Dolomite-bearing banded lamellar shale |
22 | G8-3-2 | Q3 | 2498.4 | 9.6 | −8.3 | laminated shale |
23 | G8-3-3 | Q3 | 2501.2 | 7.7 | −9.4 | laminated shale |
24 | G8-3-4 | Q3 | 2503.1 | 8.1 | −8.5 | Dolomite-bearing banded lamellar shale |
25 | G8-3-5 | Q3 | 2505.7 | 8.5 | −8.3 | laminated shale |
26 | G8-2-2 | Q2 | 2511.1 | 11.2 | −8.0 | laminated shale |
27 | G8-2-3 | Q2 | 2514.7 | 11.5 | −7.7 | Dolomite-bearing banded lamellar shale |
28 | G8-2-4 | Q2 | 2515.8 | 12.6 | −7.3 | Dolomite-bearing banded lamellar shale |
29 | G8-2-5 | Q2 | 2518.1 | 13.1 | −7.4 | Dolomite-bearing banded lamellar shale |
30 | G8-1-1 | Q1 | 2519.1 | 13.4 | −7.1 | laminated shale |
31 | G8-1-3 | Q1 | 2524.0 | 15.1 | −7.0 | laminated shale |
32 | G8-1-5 | Q1 | 2529.1 | 14.5 | −7.5 | laminated shale |
33 | G8-1-6 | Q1 | 2532.1 | 16.2 | −5.8 | laminated shale |
NO. | Sample NO. | Unit | Quartz /% | K-Feldspar /% | Plagioclase /% | Calcite /% | Fe-Dolomite /% | Siderite /% | Pyrite /% | Clay Mineral/% | Illite /% | Kaolinite /% | Chlorites /% | I/S /% | Brittleness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | G8-9-1 | Q9 | 36.6 | 1.7 | 23.8 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.5 | 32.8 | 76.0 | 0.0 | 9.0 | 15.0 | 0.50 |
2 | G8-9-2 | Q9 | 35.8 | 0.0 | 34.8 | 4.9 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 20.8 | 76.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 22.0 | 0.59 |
3 | G8-9-3 | Q9 | 30.9 | 0.0 | 25.4 | 3.3 | 1.8 | 1.34 | 3.4 | 33.8 | 73.0 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 17.0 | 0.46 |
4 | G8-9-5 | Q9 | 20.8 | 1.9 | 28.9 | 10.2 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 6.0 | 28.2 | 65.6 | 2.4 | 7.5 | 24.5 | 0.37 |
5 | G8-8-1 | Q8 | 32.6 | 0.0 | 21.4 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 7.2 | 33.0 | 63.0 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 26.0 | 0.47 |
6 | G8-8-2 | Q8 | 29.7 | 1.8 | 18.8 | 1.0 | 14.6 | 0.6 | 5.8 | 27.7 | 58.0 | 0.0 | 8.0 | 34.0 | 0.605 |
7 | G8-8-3 | Q8 | 32.6 | 1.56 | 19.3 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 6.2 | 37.1 | 56.0 | 0.0 | 8.0 | 36.0 | 0.47 |
8 | G8-8-5 | Q8 | 29.6 | 1.5 | 18.9 | 1.0 | 14.6 | 0.6 | 4.8 | 29.0 | 63.7 | 1.3 | 4.0 | 31.0 | 0.58 |
9 | G8-7-2 | Q7 | 21.4 | 0.0 | 10.9 | 0.0 | 37.1 | 0.0 | 2.9 | 27.7 | 65.4 | 0.7 | 5.0 | 28.9 | 0.66 |
10 | G8-7-3 | Q7 | 17.3 | 0.0 | 5.4 | 23.2 | 35.9 | 0.0 | 3.8 | 14.4 | 58.4 | 4.3 | 9.6 | 27.7 | 0.57 |
11 | G8-7-5 | Q7 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 3.0 | (88.8) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 45.0 | 0.0 | 28.0 | 20.0 | 0.92 |
12 | G8-6-1 | Q6 | 30.3 | 0.24 | 15.0 | 9.0 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 5.2 | 38.7 | 81.0 | 0.0 | 5.0 | 13.0 | 0.39 |
13 | G8-6-2 | Q6 | 30.4 | 0.96 | 16.9 | 2.9 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 4.6 | 42.5 | 68.0 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 20.0 | 0.40 |
14 | G8-6-3 | Q6 | 34.9 | 0.0 | 16.3 | 0.8 | 3.5 | 0.0 | 4.1 | 40.3 | 65.0 | 0.0 | 9.0 | 24.0 | 0.47 |
15 | G8-6-5 | Q6 | 31.5 | 3.36 | 25.8 | 20.8 | 5.8 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 10.9 | 63.8 | 2.2 | 10.0 | 24.0 | 0.52 |
16 | G8-5-2 | Q5 | 32.9 | 0.84 | 21.5 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 4.1 | 37.6 | 77.0 | 0.0 | 6.0 | 17.0 | 0.46 |
17 | G8-5-3 | Q5 | 28.5 | 0.0 | 24.7 | 0.8 | 10.4 | 0.0 | 3.1 | 32.6 | 61.0 | 0.0 | 7.0 | 31.0 | 0.52 |
18 | G8-5-4 | Q5 | 27.8 | 1.2 | 21.9 | 7.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.8 | 39.2 | 45.8 | 3.8 | 12.9 | 37.5 | 0.36 |
19 | G8-4-1 | Q4 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 93.0 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 74.0 | 0.0 | 7.0 | 19.0 | 0.95 |
20 | G8-4-3 | Q4 | 36.0 | 0.0 | 8.1 | 19.8 | 8.7 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 23.8 | 64.0 | 0.0 | 11.7 | 24.3 | 0.50 |
21 | G8-4-4 | Q4 | 37.9 | 0.0 | 15.4 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 43.1 | 53.0 | 0.0 | 6.0 | 41.0 | 0.46 |
22 | G8-3-2 | Q3 | 36.3 | 0.0 | 14.3 | 6.3 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 39.9 | 68.0 | 0.0 | 16.0 | 15.0 | 0.44 |
23 | G8-3-3 | Q3 | 30.1 | 0.0 | 10.2 | 2.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 56.1 | 55.2 | 4.6 | 9.4 | 30.8 | 0.33 |
24 | G8-3-4 | Q3 | 40.3 | 0.0 | 12.1 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 46.3 | 57.0 | 0.0 | 10 | 33 | 0.45 |
25 | G8-3-5 | Q3 | 35.6 | 0.0 | 15.0 | 0.0 | 7.0 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 39.5 | 53.0 | 0.0 | 18 | 27 | 0.50 |
26 | G8-2-2 | Q2 | 36.6 | 0.0 | 13.8 | 4.6 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 42.3 | 61.0 | 2.0 | 9.0 | 28 | 0.43 |
27 | G8-2-3 | Q2 | 32.58 | 0.0 | 16.9 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 3.3 | 43.7 | 57.0 | 0.0 | 18 | 25 | 0.41 |
28 | G8-2-4 | Q2 | 35 | 0.0 | 9.7 | 0.0 | 17.8 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 35 | 53.0 | 0.0 | 12 | 35 | 0.58 |
29 | G8-2-5 | Q2 | 30.2 | 0.0 | 9.6 | 0.0 | 18.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 41.5 | 55.0 | 0.0 | 27 | 18 | 0.53 |
30 | G8-1-1 | Q1 | 33.8 | 0.0 | 10.2 | 9.4 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 4.0 | 40.3 | 66.0 | 0.0 | 19 | 15 | 0.41 |
31 | G8-1-3 | Q1 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 92.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 3.2 | 72.0 | 0.0 | 13 | 15 | 0.03 |
32 | G8-1-5 | Q1 | 38 | 0.6 | 5.5 | 19.3 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 5.6 | 30.6 | 73.0 | 0.0 | 11 | 16 | 0.42 |
33 | G8-1-6 | Q1 | 36.8 | 0.0 | 9.6 | 12.3 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 7.0 | 33.9 | 62.0 | 0.0 | 10 | 28 | 0.43 |
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Li, J.; Fu, X.; Bai, Y.; Zhang, H.; Liu, Z.; Zhao, R. Dual Effect of Hydrothermal Fluid on Shale Oil Reservoir in Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin: Constrained by C-O Isotope and Geochemistry. Energies 2024, 17, 4159. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17164159
Li J, Fu X, Bai Y, Zhang H, Liu Z, Zhao R. Dual Effect of Hydrothermal Fluid on Shale Oil Reservoir in Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin: Constrained by C-O Isotope and Geochemistry. Energies. 2024; 17(16):4159. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17164159
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Junhui, Xiuli Fu, Yue Bai, Haixin Zhang, Zongbao Liu, and Rongsheng Zhao. 2024. "Dual Effect of Hydrothermal Fluid on Shale Oil Reservoir in Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin: Constrained by C-O Isotope and Geochemistry" Energies 17, no. 16: 4159. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17164159