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Review

Methodological Review of Methods and Technology for Utilization of Spent Carbon Cathode in Aluminum Electrolysis

by
Liuzhou Zhou
1,
Zhen Yao
2,
Ke Sun
1,
Zhongliang Tian
1,
Jie Li
1,3,* and
Qifan Zhong
1,3,*
1
School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
2
School of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
3
National Engineering Research Center for Low-Carbon Non-Ferrous Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2024, 17(19), 4866; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17194866
Submission received: 9 August 2024 / Revised: 13 September 2024 / Accepted: 25 September 2024 / Published: 27 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Section B: Energy and Environment)

Abstract

Spent carbon cathode (SCC) is one of the major hazardous solid wastes generated during the overhaul of electrolysis cells in the aluminum production process. SCC is not only rich in carbon resources but also contains soluble fluoride and cyanide, which gives it both recycling value and significant leaching toxicity. In this study, we explore the properties, emissions, and disposal strategies for SCC. Pyrometallurgy involves processes such as vacuum distillation, molten salt roasting, and high-temperature roasting. Hydrometallurgy describes various methods used to separate valuable components from leachate and prepare products. Collaborative disposal plays a positive role in treating SCC alongside other solid wastes. High-value utilization provides an approach to make full use of high-purity carbon-based materials. Finally, we analyze and summarize future prospects for the disposal of SCC. This study aims to contribute to the large-scale treatment and resource utilization of SCC while promoting circular economy principles and green development initiatives.
Keywords: aluminum electrolysis; spent carbon cathode; detoxification; resource utilization aluminum electrolysis; spent carbon cathode; detoxification; resource utilization

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhou, L.; Yao, Z.; Sun, K.; Tian, Z.; Li, J.; Zhong, Q. Methodological Review of Methods and Technology for Utilization of Spent Carbon Cathode in Aluminum Electrolysis. Energies 2024, 17, 4866. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17194866

AMA Style

Zhou L, Yao Z, Sun K, Tian Z, Li J, Zhong Q. Methodological Review of Methods and Technology for Utilization of Spent Carbon Cathode in Aluminum Electrolysis. Energies. 2024; 17(19):4866. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17194866

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhou, Liuzhou, Zhen Yao, Ke Sun, Zhongliang Tian, Jie Li, and Qifan Zhong. 2024. "Methodological Review of Methods and Technology for Utilization of Spent Carbon Cathode in Aluminum Electrolysis" Energies 17, no. 19: 4866. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17194866

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