Effect of Cr on Aqueous and Atmospheric Corrosion of Automotive Carbon Steel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Electrochemical Measurement
3.2. Cyclic Corrosion Test Results
3.3. Rust Constituent Analysis
3.4. Localized Corrosion Mechanism of Cr-Added Steel under Wet/Dry Conditions
4. Conclusions
- In the electrochemical measurement results, the Cr alloying element improves the corrosion resistance of the ACS that was immersed in the Cl-containing aqueous solution.
- Cl is concentrated at the metal/rust interface in all of the specimens regardless of Cr content after the CCT. The Cl is uniformly concentrated and distributed on the 0 Cr steel, whereas Cl is localized and non-uniformly concentrated on the Cr-added steels. The PF of the Cr-added steels is higher than that of the 0 Cr steel during the CCT.
- The inner rust layer consists of Cl-containing akaganeite and Cr-goethite, while the outer rust layer is composed of amorphous iron oxyhydroxide mixed with various types of rust.
- FeCl2 and CrCl3 are formed from the Cl nest developed in the early stage, and the pitting at CrCl3-formed regions is locally accelerated because Cr is strongly hydrolyzed to a very low pH.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Steels | Cr | C | Si | Mn | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 Cr | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.52 | 2.49 | Bal. |
0.3 Cr | 0.32 | 0.10 | 0.52 | 2.49 | Bal. |
0.5 Cr | 0.50 | 0.10 | 0.52 | 2.49 | Bal. |
Parameter | 0 Cr | 0.3 Cr | 0.5 Cr |
---|---|---|---|
Ecorr (mVSCE) | −686.5 ± 1.4 | −683.6 ± 5.4 | −693.2 ± 12.6 |
Icorr (μA/cm2) | 21.3 | 20.2 | 17.4 |
Steel | Immersion Time | Rs (Ω·cm−2) | CPE1 | Rfilm (Ω·cm−2) | CPE2 | Rct (Ω·cm−2) | Rp (Ω·cm−2) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qfilm (Ω−1 cm−2·sn) | n1 | Qct (Ω−1· cm−2·sn) | n1 | ||||||
0 Cr | 0 h | 1.424 | 7.52 × 10−4 | 0.8355 | 29.9 | 3.97 × 10−4 | 0.9671 | 636.5 | 665.7 |
1 h | 2.531 | 6.11 × 10−4 | 0.8146 | 192.6 | 1.29 × 10−4 | 0.9516 | 951.6 | 1144.2 | |
2 h | 2.522 | 6.36 × 10−4 | 0.8037 | 294 | 1.48 × 10−4 | 0.9883 | 801.2 | 1095.2 | |
3 h | 2.542 | 6.65 × 10−4 | 0.801 | 239.9 | 1.55 × 10−4 | 0.9724 | 831.3 | 1071.2 | |
4 h | 2.549 | 6.84 × 10−4 | 0.796 | 267.4 | 1.61 × 10−4 | 0.997 | 752.1 | 1019.5 | |
5 h | 2.574 | 6.72 × 10−4 | 0.7959 | 217.5 | 1.73 × 10−4 | 0.9593 | 766.3 | 983.8 | |
6 h | 2.589 | 6.81 × 10−4 | 0.7953 | 203.7 | 1.85 × 10−4 | 0.9509 | 733.1 | 936.8 | |
0.3 Cr | 0 h | 1.773 | 1.71 × 10−4 | 1 | 3 | 9.06 × 10−4 | 0.7621 | 1304 | 1307 |
1 h | 1.227 | 2.05 × 10−4 | 0.9653 | 32.3 | 3.76 × 10−4 | 0.7516 | 1210 | 1242.3 | |
2 h | 1.22 | 1.92 × 10−4 | 0.9714 | 29.2 | 3.79 × 10−4 | 0.7541 | 1151 | 1180.2 | |
3 h | 1.212 | 1.83 × 10−4 | 0.9759 | 26.5 | 3.90 × 10−4 | 0.7497 | 1215 | 1241.5 | |
4 h | 1.212 | 1.69 × 10−4 | 0.9843 | 24.3 | 4.00 × 10−4 | 0.7475 | 1223 | 1247.3 | |
5 h | 1.217 | 1.59 × 10−4 | 0.9914 | 23.7 | 4.10 × 10−4 | 0.7442 | 1266 | 1289.7 | |
6 h | 1.215 | 1.57 × 10−4 | 0.993 | 23.1 | 4.08 × 10−4 | 0.7424 | 1285 | 1308.1 | |
0.5 Cr | 0 h | 2.809 | 4.71 × 10−4 | 0.8449 | 21.6 | 2.14 × 10−4 | 0.8069 | 1414 | 1435.6 |
1 h | 1.986 | 5.09 × 10−4 | 0.8474 | 59 | 1.63 × 10−4 | 0.7983 | 1543 | 1602 | |
2 h | 1.978 | 5.18 × 10−4 | 0.8405 | 63.5 | 1.67 × 10−4 | 0.7818 | 1419 | 1482.5 | |
3 h | 1.964 | 3.86 × 10−4 | 0.8637 | 20.6 | 2.95 × 10−4 | 0.7261 | 1270 | 1290.6 | |
4 h | 1.963 | 3.24 × 10−4 | 0.8782 | 14.9 | 3.39 × 10−4 | 0.7095 | 1489 | 1503.9 | |
5 h | 2.001 | 1.18 × 10−4 | 0.9798 | 4.5 | 5.31 × 10−4 | 0.7418 | 1502 | 1506.5 | |
6 h | 2.013 | 9.42 × 10−4 | 0.9999 | 3.6 | 5.44 × 10−4 | 0.748 | 1542 | 1545.6 |
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Cho, S.-w.; Ko, S.-J.; Yoo, J.-S.; Yoo, Y.-H.; Song, Y.-K.; Kim, J.-G. Effect of Cr on Aqueous and Atmospheric Corrosion of Automotive Carbon Steel. Materials 2021, 14, 2444. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092444
Cho S-w, Ko S-J, Yoo J-S, Yoo Y-H, Song Y-K, Kim J-G. Effect of Cr on Aqueous and Atmospheric Corrosion of Automotive Carbon Steel. Materials. 2021; 14(9):2444. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092444
Chicago/Turabian StyleCho, Sang-won, Sang-Jin Ko, Jin-Seok Yoo, Yun-Ha Yoo, Yon-Kyun Song, and Jung-Gu Kim. 2021. "Effect of Cr on Aqueous and Atmospheric Corrosion of Automotive Carbon Steel" Materials 14, no. 9: 2444. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092444