Impacts of Lubricant Type on the Densification Behavior and Final Powder Compact Properties of Cu–Fe Alloy under Different Compaction Pressures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Study the effects of different solid lubricants, PW and SA and their composites, along with different compaction pressure levels on the densification behavior and final compact properties of Cu–15Fe alloys based on the PM route.
- Evaluate and analyze the tribological properties of final compacts under dry sliding conditions, such as coefficients of friction, specific wear rates, and friction temperature gains.
- Investigate the porosity behavior, mechanical properties, microhardness, and microstructural changes in the sintered samples.
2. Experimental Procedure
2.1. Materials and Powder Compositions
- Heat up to 250 °C for 1 h and hold for 15 min for wax removal.
- Heat up to 600 °C at 5 °C/min and hold at 600 °C for 15 min for internal stress relief.
- Heat up to sintering temperature of 1050 °C at 5 °C/min and hold for the sintering time of 60 min.
- Slow cool at 3 °C/min down to room temperature in order to prevent cracking.
2.2. Microscopic, Porosity and Microhardness Studies
2.3. Tribological Evaluation
2.3.1. Coefficient of Friction (µ)
2.3.2. Specific Wear Rate
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Green and Sintered Densities of Compacts
3.2. Porosity of Sintered Compacts
3.3. Hardness
3.4. Microstructure of Sintered Samples
3.5. Tribological Properties
3.5.1. Friction Behavior
3.5.2. Wear Characteristics of Sintered Samples
3.5.3. Friction Temperature Gain
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Types and Percentage of Lubricant (wt.%) | Amount of Lubricant in Cu–15Fe Composite Powder (wt.%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Paraffin Wax (PW) | Stearic Acid (SA) | ||
Blank | 0 | 0 | 2 |
PW | 100 | 0 | 2 |
SA | 0 | 100 | 2 |
PW+SA | 50 | 50 | 2 |
Samples | 50 MPa (%) | 200 MPa (%) | 350 MPa (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Blank | 0.86 | 1.24 | 1.1 |
PW | 0.5 | 0.77 | 0.85 |
SA | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.6 |
PW+SA | 0.7 | 0.81 | 1.1 |
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Korim, N.S.; Elsayed, A.; Hu, L. Impacts of Lubricant Type on the Densification Behavior and Final Powder Compact Properties of Cu–Fe Alloy under Different Compaction Pressures. Materials 2022, 15, 5750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15165750
Korim NS, Elsayed A, Hu L. Impacts of Lubricant Type on the Densification Behavior and Final Powder Compact Properties of Cu–Fe Alloy under Different Compaction Pressures. Materials. 2022; 15(16):5750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15165750
Chicago/Turabian StyleKorim, Nada S., Ayman Elsayed, and Lianxi Hu. 2022. "Impacts of Lubricant Type on the Densification Behavior and Final Powder Compact Properties of Cu–Fe Alloy under Different Compaction Pressures" Materials 15, no. 16: 5750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15165750