Electrical and Electrorheological Properties of Alumina/Natural Rubber (STR XL) Composites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Characterization of Natural Rubber (XL)/Alumina (Al2O3)
Wave Number (cm-1) | Functional Groups |
---|---|
3281, 3467 (CAS7732-18-5); (CAS78-79-5) | OH stretching of Al2O3 added natural rubber (XL) |
2961, 3036 (CAS78-79-5) | -CH and =CH stretching vibration of poly-acetylene backbone of isoprene |
2855, 2928 (CAS78-79-5) | -CH2 stretching vibration of C-CH2CH3 |
1663,1710 (CAS78-79-4) | >C=C stretching for carbon-carbon double bond |
1448 (CAS78-79-5); (CAS110-54-3); (CAS73513-42-5) | - CH3 asymmetric deformation |
1376 (CAS78-79-5) | - CH3 deformation of O-CH2CH3 |
1242, 1288 (CAS110-54-3) | Asymmetric C-O-C stretching vibration |
1128 | R-CO-R symmetric stretching |
740, 762,1038,1084 (CAS110-54-3) | Skeletal vibration of hexane and =CH bending |
572, 639 | Al-O-C stretching |
2.2. Electrical Properties of Natural Rubber (XL)/Alumina (Al2O3)
Code | Mass of XL (g) | Mass of Al2O3 (g) | Volume fraction of Al2O3 (Φ) | Dielectric constant ε′ at 500 Hz | Dielectric loss factor ε″ at 500 Hz | Conductivity (Ω.m)-1, σ at 500 Hz |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al2O3 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.00000 | 11.811 | 7.66E-03 | 1.502E-07 |
XL/Al_0 | 3.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.00000 | 1.542 | 6.84E-04 | 6.517E-09 |
XL/Al_1 | 3.0000 | 0.0069 | 0.00054 | 1.343 | 2.15E-04 | 7.685E-09 |
XL/Al_2 | 3.0000 | 0.0316 | 0.00248 | 1.357 | 1.44E-03 | 8.688E-09 |
XL/Al_3 | 3.0000 | 0.0572 | 0.00448 | 1.436 | 1.36E-03 | 1.235E-08 |
XL/Al_4 | 3.0000 | 0.0784 | 0.00613 | 1.518 | 1.52E-03 | 1.471E-08 |
XL/Al_5 | 3.0000 | 0.0961 | 0.00750 | 1.550 | 1.58E-03 | 1.594E-08 |
XL/Al_6 | 3.0000 | 0.1120 | 0.00873 | 1.575 | 1.96E-04 | 1.937E-08 |
XL/Al_7 | 3.0000 | 0.1243 | 0.00968 | 2.123 | 1.65E-04 | 2.683E-08 |
2.3. Electrorheological Properties: Time Dependence, Effects of Particle Concentration and Electric Field Strength
Code | V/V of Al2O3 | G′ο (Pa) | G′2 kV/mm (Pa) | G″ο (Pa) | G″2 kV/mm (Pa) | ΔG′2 kV/mm (Pa) | ΔG′2 kV/mm/G′ο |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
XL/Al_0 | 0.00000 | 11,589 | 12,503 | 1,344 | 1,476 | 913 | 0.0788 |
XL/Al_1 | 0.00054 | 11,677 | 14,439 | 1,458 | 1,565 | 2,761 | 0.2364 |
XL/Al_2 | 0.00248 | 12,704 | 15,831 | 1,537 | 1,609 | 3,126 | 0.2461 |
XL/Al_3 | 0.00448 | 12,269 | 15,233 | 1,559 | 1,689 | 2,963 | 0.2415 |
XL/Al_4 | 0.00613 | 12,634 | 15,454 | 1,609 | 2,263 | 2,819 | 0.2231 |
XL/Al_5 | 0.00750 | 12,736 | 15,783 | 2,076 | 2,339 | 3,046 | 0.239 |
XL/Al_6 | 0.00873 | 17,941 | 22,048 | 2,080 | 2,640 | 4,107 | 0.2289 |
XL/Al_7 | 0.00968 | 20,010 | 24,387 | 2,826 | 3,638 | 4,377 | 0.2187 |
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Materials
3.2. Instruments
3.3. Sample Preparation of ER Solid
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References and Notes
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Tangboriboon, N.; Uttanawanit, N.; Longtong, M.; Wongpinthong, P.; Sirivat, A.; Kunanuruksapong, R. Electrical and Electrorheological Properties of Alumina/Natural Rubber (STR XL) Composites. Materials 2010, 3, 656-671. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3010656
Tangboriboon N, Uttanawanit N, Longtong M, Wongpinthong P, Sirivat A, Kunanuruksapong R. Electrical and Electrorheological Properties of Alumina/Natural Rubber (STR XL) Composites. Materials. 2010; 3(1):656-671. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3010656
Chicago/Turabian StyleTangboriboon, Nuchnapa, Nuttapot Uttanawanit, Mean Longtong, Piraya Wongpinthong, Anuvat Sirivat, and Ruksapong Kunanuruksapong. 2010. "Electrical and Electrorheological Properties of Alumina/Natural Rubber (STR XL) Composites" Materials 3, no. 1: 656-671. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3010656