Blue Water Footprint Management in a UK Poultry Supply Chain under Environmental Regulatory Constraints
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Business Decision-Making Insights
4.2. Regulatory Policy-Making Insights
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Feedback Loop | Causal Effect Sequence |
---|---|
R1 | Poultry Breeding Rate → Chicks Maturity Rate → Chicks Inventory → Live Poultry Inventory Discrepancy → Poultry Breeding Rate |
R2 | Poultry Breeding Rate → Chicks Maturity Rate → Chicks Inventory → Live Poultry Inventory Discrepancy → Breeding Orders → Poultry Breeding Rate |
B1 | Poultry Breeding Rate → Chicks Inventory → Live Poultry Inventory Discrepancy → Poultry Breeding Rate |
B2 | Poultry Breeding Rate → Chicks Inventory → Live Poultry Inventory Discrepancy → Breeding Orders → Poultry Breeding Rate |
B3 | Poultry Breeding Rate → Chicks Maturity Rate → Live Poultry Inventory → Poultry Processing Rate → Processed Poultry Inventory → Processed Poultry Inventory Discrepancy → Live Poultry Orders → Average Live Poultry Orders → Desired Live Poultry Inventory → Live Poultry Inventory Discrepancy → Poultry Breeding Rate |
B4 | Poultry Breeding Rate → Chicks Maturity Rate → Live Poultry Inventory → Poultry Processing Rate → Processed Poultry Inventory → Processed Poultry Inventory Discrepancy → Live Poultry Orders → Average Live Poultry Orders → Desired Live Poultry Inventory → Live Poultry Inventory Discrepancy → Breeding Orders → Poultry Breeding Rate |
B5 | Live Poultry Inventory → Poultry Processing Rate → Live Poultry Inventory |
B6 | Processed Poultry Inventory → Processed Poultry Sales → Processed Poultry Inventory |
B7 | Processed Poultry Inventory → Processed Poultry Inventory Discrepancy → Poultry Processing Rate → Processed Poultry Inventory |
Name | Type | Unit | Definition |
---|---|---|---|
Average Live Poultry Orders | auxiliary | chicken/month | DELAYINF(‘Live Poultry Orders’, ‘Live Poultry Demand Smoothing Time’, 1) |
Average Market Demand | auxiliary | chicken/month | DELAYINF(‘Market Demand’, ’Processed Poultry Demand Smoothing Time’, 1) |
Blue WF Balance | auxiliary | litre | ‘Total Blue WF of Poultry Supply Chain’-’Blue WF Cap’ |
Breeding Orders | auxiliary | chicken/month | INTEGER((‘Live Poultry Inventory Discrepancy’/’Adjustment Time 1′)) * TIMESTEP |
Chicks Delayed Maturity Factor | auxiliary | chicken | DELAYMTR(‘Poultry Breeding Rate’, ’Poultry Maturity Time’,6) |
Desired Live Poultry Inventory | auxiliary | chicken/month | INTEGER(‘Average Live Poultry Orders’*’Time Control Variable T1′)/TIMESTEP |
Desired Processed Poultry Inventory | auxiliary | chicken/month | INTEGER((‘Average Market Demand’*’Time Control Variable T2′))/TIMESTEP |
Live Poultry Inventory Discrepancy | auxiliary | chicken/month | MAX(‘Desired Live Poultry Inventory’-’Chicks Inventory’, 0<<chicken>>) |
Live Poultry Orders | auxiliary | chicken/month | INTEGER((‘Processed Poultry Inventory Discrepancy’/’Adjustment Time 2′)) * TIMESTEP |
Market Demand | auxiliary | chicken/month | INTEGER(((NORMAL(1.36<<chicken>>, 0.3<<chicken>>))/12) * 6,5300,000/150)/TIMESTEP |
Poultry Breeding Cost | auxiliary | pound | ‘Poultry Breeding Rate’*’Poultry Breeding Unit Cost’ |
Poultry Breeding Rate | auxiliary | chicken | MIN(DELAYMTR(‘Breeding Capacity’,’Egg Hatch Time’, 3),INTEGER(DELAYMTR(‘Breeding Orders’, ’Egg Hatch Time’, 3))) * ’Number of Chicken Farms’ |
Poultry Maturity Time | auxiliary | month | RANDOM(1.25,1.75) * TIMESTEP |
Poultry Processing Cost | auxiliary | pound | ‘Poultry Processing Rate’ * ’Poultry Processing Unit Cost’ |
Poultry Processing Investment Cost | auxiliary | pounds | PULSE(‘Poultry Processing Fixed Investment Cost’, 0<<month>>, 900,000<<month>>) |
Poultry Processing Rate | auxiliary | chicken | INTEGER(MIN(‘Live Poultry Inventory’,’Processed Poultry Inventory Discrepancy’, ’Live Poultry Processing Capacity’ * ’Number of Poultry Processing Plants’)) |
Processed Poultry Inventory Discrepancy | auxiliary | chicken/month | INTEGER(MAX(‘Desired Processed Poultry Inventory’-’Processed Poultry Inventory’, 0<<chicken>>)) |
Processed Poultry Sales | auxiliary | chicken | INTEGER(MIN(‘Processed Poultry Inventory’,’Market Demand’)) |
Processed Poultry Revenues | auxiliary | pound | ‘Processed Poultry Sales’ * ’Processed Poultry Unit Price’ |
Total Blue WF of Live Poultry Processing | auxiliary | litre | ‘Blue WF of Live Poultry Processing’ * ’Poultry Processing Rate’ |
Total Blue WF of Poultry Feed | auxiliary | litre | ‘Poultry Breeding Rate’ * ’Blue WF of Poultry Feed’ |
Total Blue WF of Poultry Maintenance | auxiliary | litre | ‘Poultry Breeding Rate’ * ’Blue WF of Poultry Maintenance’ |
Total Blue WF of Poultry Supply Chain | auxiliary | litre | ‘Total Blue WF of Poultry Breeding’ + ’Total Blue WF of Live Poultry Processing’ |
Total Blue WF of Poultry Breeding | auxiliary | litre | ‘Total Blue WF of Poultry Feed’ + ’Total Blue WF of Poultry Maintenance’ |
Total Cost | auxiliary | pound | Poultry Breeding Cost’+’Poultry Processing Cost’ + ’WF Cost’ + 0 * ’Poultry Processing Investment Cost’ (No Policy/Supply Chain Reconfiguration Policy) or ‘Poultry Breeding Cost’ + ’Poultry Processing Cost’ + ’WF Cost’ + 1 * ’Poultry Processing Investment Cost’ (Water Management Policy) |
Total Profits of Poultry Supply Chain | auxiliary | pound | ‘Processed Poultry Revenues’-’Total Cost’ |
WF Cost (Baseline Case) | auxiliary | pound | ‘Total Blue WF of Poultry Supply Chain’*’Normal Water Price’ |
WF Cost (WF Penalty Case) | auxiliary | pound | IF(‘Blue WF Balance’ ≤ 0<<litres>>,’Total Blue WF of Poultry Supply Chain’*’Normal Water Price’, ’Total Blue WF of Poultry Supply Chain’ * ’Normal Water Price’ + ’WF Penalty’) |
WF Cost (WF Tax Case) | auxiliary | pound | IF(‘Blue WF Balance’ ≤ 0<<litres>>,’Total Blue WF of Poultry Supply Chain’*’Normal Water Price’, ’Blue WF Cap’*’Normal Water Price’ + (‘Total Blue WF of Poultry Supply Chain’-’Blue WF Cap’) * ’Normal Water Price’ * (1 + ’WF Tax’)) |
Adjustment Time 1 | constant | month | (0.75) * TIMESTEP |
Adjustment Time 2 | constant | month | (0.75) * TIMESTEP |
Blue WF Cap | constant | litre | 500,000<<litres>> |
Blue WF of Live Poultry Processing | constant | litre/chicken | 8<<gallon/chicken>>*4.54 // 1 gallon = 4.54 litres (No Policy) or 3.5<<gallon/chicken>>*4.54 // 1 gallon = 4.54 litres (Water Management Policy) |
Blue WF of Poultry Feed | constant | litre/chicken | 2.5<<litre/kilogram>>*2.6<<kilogram/chicken>> |
Blue WF of Poultry Maintenance | constant | litre/chicken | 6.2<<litre/kilogram>>*2.6<<kilogram/chicken>> |
Breeding Capacity | constant | chicken | 11,000<<chicken>> |
Egg Hatch Time | constant | month | 0.7*TIMESTEP |
Live Poultry Demand Smoothing Time | constant | month | 2*TIMESTEP |
Live Poultry Processing Capacity | constant | chicken | 12,000<<chicken>> |
Normal Water Price | constant | pound/litre | 2.2525<<pounds/litre>>/1000 |
Number of Chicken Farms | constant | (number) | 5 |
Number of Poultry Processing Plants | constant | (number) | 7 |
Poultry Breeding Unit Cost | constant | pound/chicken | 1.126<<pounds/chicken>> |
Poultry Processing Fixed Investment Cost | constant | pound | 50,000<<pounds>> |
Poultry Processing Unit Cost | constant | pound/chicken | 0.6<<pounds/chicken>> |
Processed Poultry Demand Smoothing Time | constant | month | 2*TIMESTEP |
Processed Poultry Unit Price | constant | pound/chicken | 3.95<<pounds/chicken>> |
Time Control Variable T1 | constant | month | 6*TIMESTEP |
Time Control Variable T2 | constant | month | 3*TIMESTEP (No Policy) or 2*TIMESTEP (Supply Chain Reconfiguration Policy) |
WF Penalty | constant | pounds | 15766<<pounds>> |
WF Tax | constant | % | 35% |
Chicks Inventory | level | chicken | 1000<<chicken>> |
Live Poultry Inventory | level | chicken | 1000<<chicken>> |
Processed Poultry Inventory | level | chicken | 1000<<chickens>> |
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Tsolakis, N.; Srai, J.S.; Aivazidou, E. Blue Water Footprint Management in a UK Poultry Supply Chain under Environmental Regulatory Constraints. Sustainability 2018, 10, 625. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030625
Tsolakis N, Srai JS, Aivazidou E. Blue Water Footprint Management in a UK Poultry Supply Chain under Environmental Regulatory Constraints. Sustainability. 2018; 10(3):625. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030625
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsolakis, Naoum, Jagjit Singh Srai, and Eirini Aivazidou. 2018. "Blue Water Footprint Management in a UK Poultry Supply Chain under Environmental Regulatory Constraints" Sustainability 10, no. 3: 625. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030625