A Comparative Study of the Role of China and India in Sustainable Textile Competition in the U.S. Market under Green Trade Barriers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Comparison of Textile Market Share of China and India in the United States
3. Competitiveness of China and India in the U.S. Textile Market
4. Model Specification
5. The Seemingly Unrelated Regression Model (SUR Model) and Data Classification
6. Influence of China and India on the United States Textile Import Market
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Standard of International Trade Classification (SITC) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SITC 26 | SITC 65 | SITC 84 | Sum | |||||
Textile Fabrics | Textile Yarns | Clothing | ||||||
Value | % in World Textile Imports | Value | % in World Textile Imports | Value | % in World Textile Imports | Value | % in World Textile Imports | |
2000 | 691.47 | 0.18% | 15,985.03 | 4.12% | 67,114.95 | 17.30% | 83,791.45 | 21.6% |
2003 | 710.74 | 0.16% | 18,251.05 | 4.17% | 71,277.41 | 16.28% | 90,239.20 | 20.6% |
2005 | 1062.39 | 0.21% | 22,538.18 | 4.39% | 80,070.66 | 15.58% | 103,671.23 | 20.2% |
2007 | 1388.86 | 0.23% | 24,088.52 | 4.01% | 84,853.29 | 14.12% | 110,330.67 | 18.4% |
2010 | 1285.62 | 0.21% | 23,378.88 | 3.74% | 81,941.64 | 13.12% | 106,606.64 | 17.1% |
2012 | 1502.02 | 0.22% | 25,948.24 | 3.75% | 87,956.59 | 12.71% | 115,406.85 | 16.7% |
2014 | 1530.61 | 0.21% | 28,268.09 | 3.84% | 93,176.57 | 12.66% | 122,975.27 | 16.7% |
2016 | 1388.48 | 0.23% | 28,778.72 | 4.76% | 91,159.32 | 15.07% | 121,326.52 | 20.1% |
Year | Standard of International Trade Classification (SITC) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SITC 26 | SITC 65 | SITC 84 | ||||
Textile Fabrics | Textile Yarn | Clothing | ||||
China | India | China | India | China | India | |
2000 | 3.38% | 0.77% | 12.17% | 7.57% | 13.30% | 3.21% |
2003 | 5.50% | 1.44% | 19.85% | 8.37% | 16.86% | 3.24% |
2005 | 13.23% | 2.50% | 26.90% | 9.03% | 26.40% | 4.22% |
2007 | 12.85% | 2.16% | 31.81% | 9.75% | 33.62% | 4.13% |
2010 | 18.64% | 4.58% | 37.36% | 11.23% | 40.88% | 4.18% |
2012 | 22.47% | 5.29% | 38.52% | 12.34% | 39.43% | 3.81% |
2014 | 20.43% | 7.00% | 39.55% | 13.07% | 38.11% | 4.06% |
2016 | 23.36% | 9.42% | 40.66% | 13.83% | 36.01% | 4.38% |
Code | Country | 2000 | 2003 | 2005 | 2007 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2016 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SITC 26 | China | −0.838 | −0.926 | −0.874 | −0.835 | −0.837 | −0.869 | −0.726 | −0.356 |
India | −0.771 | −0.867 | −0.435 | −0.623 | −0.518 | −0.526 | −0.464 | −0.456 | |
SITC261 | China | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.998 |
India | 0.169 | 0.652 | 0.996 | --- | −0.940 | −0.888 | --- | --- | |
SITC262 | China | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
India | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
SITC263 | China | −0.997 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | −0.997 |
India | −0.988 | −0.999 | −0.994 | −0.974 | −0.983 | −0.984 | −0.990 | −0.986 | |
SITC264 | China | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
India | --- | --- | −0.148 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.879 | |
SITC265 | China | --- | --- | −0.843 | 0.938 | 0.723 | --- | 0.379 | --- |
India | 0.705 | --- | --- | --- | 0.985 | 0.988 | --- | --- | |
SITC266 | China | −0.340 | 0.223 | 0.654 | 0.421 | 0.607 | 0.627 | 0.548 | 0.630 |
India | 0.286 | 0.326 | 0.813 | 0.771 | 0.835 | 0.882 | 0.908 | 0.917 | |
SITC267 | China | −0.967 | −0.998 | −0.939 | −0.679 | −0.779 | −0.783 | −0.708 | 0.434 |
India | −0.917 | −0.773 | −0.928 | −0.990 | −0.875 | −0.921 | −0.922 | −0.023 | |
SITC268 | China | 0.457 | −0.417 | −0.283 | −0.441 | −0.508 | −0.389 | −0.052 | −0.152 |
India | −0.513 | −0.773 | −0.574 | −0.578 | −0.666 | −0.006 | −0.260 | −0.987 | |
SITC269 | China | 0.430 | −0.225 | −0.329 | −0.565 | −0.539 | −0.655 | −0.343 | −0.359 |
India | −0.862 | −0.720 | −0.595 | −0.805 | −0.949 | −0.937 | −0.938 | −0.895 | |
SITC 65 | China | 0.786 | 0.812 | 0.860 | 0.835 | 0.856 | 0.867 | 0.870 | 0.891 |
India | 0.941 | 0.953 | 0.954 | 0.949 | 0.939 | 0.943 | 0.953 | 0.942 | |
SITC651 | China | −0.166 | −0.031 | 0.389 | 0.413 | 0.323 | 0.304 | 0.313 | 0.360 |
India | 0.335 | 0.523 | 0.661 | 0.716 | 0.517 | 0.526 | 0.675 | 0.413 | |
SITC652 | China | 0.949 | 0.944 | 0.946 | 0.932 | 0.952 | 0.959 | 0.949 | 0.941 |
India | 0.989 | 0.993 | 0.977 | 0.984 | 0.945 | 0.946 | 0.986 | 0.991 | |
SITC653 | China | 0.589 | 0.547 | 0.860 | 0.818 | 0.850 | 0.879 | 0.858 | 0.844 |
India | 0.839 | 0.921 | 0.912 | 0.919 | 0.924 | 0.916 | 0.970 | 0.974 | |
SITC654 | China | 0.723 | 0.790 | 0.784 | 0.767 | 0.534 | 0.671 | 0.631 | 0.642 |
India | 0.993 | 0.953 | 0.974 | 0.962 | 0.918 | 0.910 | 0.887 | 0.921 | |
SITC655 | China | −0.510 | 0.716 | 0.897 | 0.821 | 0.918 | 0.939 | 0.953 | 0.965 |
India | 0.282 | 0.908 | 0.841 | 0.948 | 0.938 | 0.851 | 0.962 | 0.960 | |
SITC656 | China | 0.267 | 0.674 | 0.803 | 0.854 | 0.833 | 0.866 | 0.871 | 0.890 |
India | 0.844 | 0.691 | 0.778 | 0.700 | 0.840 | 0.757 | 0.862 | 0.867 | |
SITC657 | China | 0.028 | −0.300 | 0.017 | −0.034 | 0.387 | 0.494 | 0.540 | 0.630 |
India | −0.002 | 0.257 | 0.108 | 0.273 | 0.456 | 0.499 | 0.323 | 0.341 | |
SITC658 | China | 0.994 | 0.993 | 0.991 | 0.992 | 0.992 | 0.992 | 0.991 | 0.991 |
India | 0.991 | 0.998 | 0.998 | 0.997 | 0.994 | 0.996 | 0.995 | 0.997 | |
SITC659 | China | 0.951 | 0.972 | 0.951 | 0.911 | 0.873 | 0.893 | 0.919 | 0.926 |
India | 0.980 | 0.968 | 0.962 | 0.950 | 0.946 | 0.958 | 0.968 | 0.972 | |
SITC 84 | China | 0.997 | 0.996 | 0.997 | 0.998 | 0.998 | 0.997 | 0.997 | 0.996 |
India | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.998 | 0.998 | 0.995 | 0.992 | 0.994 | 0.995 | |
SITC841 | China | --- | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.998 | 0.995 |
India | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.998 | 0.998 | 0.998 | 0.993 | 0.993 | 0.997 | |
SITC842 | China | --- | --- | --- | 0.999 | 0.998 | 0.997 | 0.997 | 0.994 |
India | --- | --- | 0.999 | --- | 0.998 | 0.996 | 0.998 | 0.998 | |
SITC843 | China | 0.997 | 0.998 | 0.999 | --- | 0.999 | 0.994 | 0.999 | 0.994 |
India | --- | --- | 0.999 | --- | 0.999 | 0.998 | 0.999 | 0.999 | |
SITC844 | China | 0.999 | 0.996 | 0.997 | 0.998 | 0.996 | 0.996 | 0.997 | 0.998 |
India | --- | 0.999 | 0.997 | --- | 0.998 | 0.994 | 0.993 | 0.998 | |
SITC845 | China | 0.995 | 0.997 | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.998 |
India | 0.999 | 0.998 | 0.998 | 0.998 | 0.995 | 0.994 | 0.995 | 0.995 | |
SITC846 | China | 0.953 | 0.976 | 0.987 | 0.994 | 0.997 | 0.997 | 0.997 | 0.996 |
India | 0.995 | 0.995 | 0.983 | 0.967 | 0.982 | 0.986 | 0.982 | 0.982 | |
SITC847 | China | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
India | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
SITC848 | China | 0.998 | 0.997 | 0.994 | 0.993 | 0.993 | 0.991 | 0.990 | 0.989 |
India | 0.993 | 0.992 | 0.992 | 0.974 | 0.917 | 0.919 | 0.971 | 0.954 |
Code | Sector | Countries | 2000 | 2003 | 2005 | 2007 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2016 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SITC 26 | Textile Fabrics | China | 0.072 | 0.157 | 0.465 | 0.441 | 0.515 | 0.541 | 0.482 | 0.503 |
India | 0.207 | 0.360 | 0.306 | 0.082 | 0.104 | 0.114 | 0.158 | 0.313 | ||
SITC261 | Silk | China | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.002 |
India | 0.185 | 1.155 | 0.703 | 0.207 | 0.013 | 0.031 | 0.015 | 0.031 | ||
SITC263 | Cotton | China | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.277 |
India | 0.015 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.007 | ||
SITC264 | Jute | China | 0.033 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
India | 0.010 | 0.134 | 0.276 | 0.069 | 0.045 | 0.038 | 0.061 | 0.027 | ||
SITC265 | Vegetable fabrics | China | 0.013 | 0.032 | 0.007 | 0.167 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.000 |
India | 1.538 | 1.499 | 0.999 | 0.590 | 0.819 | 0.789 | 0.435 | 0.883 | ||
SITC266 | Synthetic and regenerated artificial fabrics | China | 0.966 | 0.819 | 1.474 | 0.968 | 1.004 | 1.122 | 0.841 | 0.874 |
India | 0.344 | 0.549 | 1.240 | 0.709 | 1.006 | 1.199 | 1.327 | 1.335 | ||
SITC267 | Waste materials from textile fabrics | China | 1.586 | 0.109 | 1.166 | 0.805 | 1.027 | 0.602 | 0.842 | 0.820 |
India | 0.076 | 0.260 | 0.090 | 0.008 | 0.058 | 0.038 | 0.041 | 0.499 | ||
SITC268 | Wool and other animal hair | China | 0.077 | 0.027 | 0.049 | 0.070 | 0.031 | 0.031 | 0.037 | 0.044 |
India | 0.169 | 0.133 | 0.121 | 0.091 | 0.238 | 0.735 | 0.734 | 0.003 | ||
SITC269 | Old clothing and other old textile articles | China | 0.278 | 0.867 | 1.763 | 0.798 | 0.462 | 0.163 | 0.118 | 0.026 |
India | 0.686 | 1.269 | 2.447 | 1.674 | 0.170 | 0.225 | 0.149 | 0.247 | ||
SITC 65 | Textile yarn | China | 0.365 | 0.392 | 0.560 | 0.569 | 0.613 | 0.598 | 0.592 | 0.602 |
India | 0.810 | 1.009 | 1.301 | 1.361 | 1.541 | 1.466 | 1.371 | 1.384 | ||
SITC651 | Textile yarn | China | 0.057 | 0.076 | 0.154 | 0.167 | 0.213 | 0.222 | 0.259 | 0.251 |
India | 0.061 | 0.086 | 0.147 | 0.150 | 0.131 | 0.129 | 0.114 | 0.104 | ||
SITC652 | Cotton fabrics woven | China | 0.222 | 0.136 | 0.145 | 0.132 | 0.142 | 0.130 | 0.110 | 0.103 |
India | 0.576 | 0.489 | 0.465 | 0.420 | 0.425 | 0.318 | 0.244 | 0.222 | ||
SITC653 | Fabrics woven of man-made textile materials | China | 0.129 | 0.094 | 0.222 | 0.196 | 0.198 | 0.200 | 0.174 | 0.151 |
India | 0.165 | 0.259 | 0.268 | 0.273 | 0.267 | 0.320 | 0.330 | 0.377 | ||
SITC654 | Other textile fabrics woven | China | 0.214 | 0.173 | 0.234 | 0.270 | 0.207 | 0.274 | 0.249 | 0.245 |
India | 1.603 | 1.678 | 1.585 | 1.649 | 1.125 | 1.494 | 1.435 | 1.161 | ||
SITC655 | Knitted or crocheted fabrics | China | 0.011 | 0.048 | 0.173 | 0.113 | 0.290 | 0.300 | 0.285 | 0.272 |
India | 0.150 | 0.185 | 0.994 | 2.020 | 2.390 | 1.305 | 1.256 | 1.026 | ||
SITC656 | Tulle, lace, embroidery, ribbons etc. | China | 0.188 | 0.378 | 0.395 | 0.283 | 0.360 | 0.409 | 0.429 | 0.387 |
India | 0.672 | 0.558 | 0.807 | 0.750 | 0.882 | 0.609 | 0.570 | 0.497 | ||
SITC657 | Special yarn and related products | China | 0.326 | 0.282 | 0.386 | 0.382 | 0.486 | 0.516 | 0.537 | 0.556 |
India | 0.456 | 0.647 | 0.646 | 0.903 | 1.485 | 1.290 | 0.749 | 1.027 | ||
SITC658 | Made up articles | China | 0.913 | 1.143 | 1.489 | 1.632 | 1.594 | 1.517 | 1.490 | 1.612 |
India | 1.634 | 2.156 | 2.527 | 3.078 | 4.474 | 3.797 | 3.575 | 3.177 | ||
SITC659 | Floor coverings | China | 2.075 | 2.089 | 1.573 | 1.434 | 0.933 | 1.123 | 1.107 | 1.135 |
India | 2.088 | 2.463 | 2.669 | 2.870 | 2.875 | 3.164 | 3.083 | 2.954 | ||
SITC 84 | Clothing | China | 0.633 | 0.596 | 0.862 | 0.851 | 1.080 | 1.057 | 1.058 | 1.138 |
India | 1.483 | 1.419 | 1.917 | 2.111 | 2.369 | 1.773 | 1.581 | 1.372 | ||
SITC841 | Clothing except fur clothing | China | 0.633 | 0.596 | 0.862 | 0.851 | 1.080 | 1.057 | 1.058 | 1.138 |
India | 1.454 | 1.768 | 2.510 | 2.517 | 2.531 | 1.967 | 1.676 | 1.274 | ||
SITC842 | Fur clothing and articles of women’s clothing | China | 0.731 | 0.617 | 1.077 | 1.188 | 1.406 | 1.417 | 1.105 | 1.111 |
India | 1.891 | 2.103 | 2.247 | 2.349 | 2.457 | 1.957 | 1.735 | 1.631 | ||
SITC843 | Women’s, girls’, and infants’ outerwear | China | 0.131 | 0.157 | 0.454 | 0.542 | 0.559 | 0.488 | 0.599 | 0.709 |
India | 1.720 | 1.326 | 2.259 | 2.790 | 2.824 | 1.732 | 1.552 | 1.253 | ||
SITC844 | Undergarments of textile fabrics, not knitted or crocheted | China | 0.154 | 0.174 | 0.678 | 0.615 | 0.865 | 0.773 | 0.904 | 1.121 |
India | 1.064 | 0.712 | 1.528 | 2.010 | 2.568 | 1.847 | 1.579 | 1.146 | ||
SITC845 | Outerwear knitted or crocheted, not elastic nor rubberized | China | 0.542 | 0.559 | 0.847 | 0.761 | 1.117 | 1.191 | 1.270 | 1.366 |
India | 1.152 | 0.930 | 1.448 | 1.939 | 2.645 | 1.929 | 1.698 | 1.524 | ||
SITC846 | Undergarments, knitted or crocheted | China | 0.381 | 0.746 | 0.872 | 0.906 | 0.998 | 1.031 | 1.119 | 1.101 |
India | 0.764 | 0.581 | 0.780 | 0.686 | 0.989 | 0.893 | 0.716 | 0.589 | ||
SITC848 | Article or apparel, clothing accessories of leather | China | 1.825 | 1.400 | 1.114 | 1.635 | 1.470 | 1.449 | 1.312 | 1.246 |
India | 1.089 | 0.808 | 0.847 | 0.790 | 0.898 | 0.807 | 1.109 | 0.951 |
Industry | Sectors |
---|---|
SITC 26 Textile fabrics not manufactured, and waste | SITC 261—Silk; |
SITC 262—Wool and other animal hair; | |
SITC 263—Cotton; | |
SITC 264—Jute; | |
SITC 265—Vegetable fabrics, except cotton and jute; | |
SITC 266—Synthetic and regenerated artificial fabrics; | |
SITC 267—Waste materials from textile fabrics; | |
SITC 268—Wool and other animal hair; | |
SITC 269—Old clothing and other old textile articles; | |
SITC 65 Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, and related products | SITC 651—Textile yarn; |
SITC 652—Cotton fabrics woven; | |
SITC 653—Fabrics woven of man-made textile materials; | |
SITC654—Other textile fabrics woven; | |
SITC 655—Knitted or crocheted fabrics; | |
SITC 656—Tulle, lace, embroidery, ribbons, etc. | |
SITC 657—Special yarn and related products; | |
SITC 658—Made-up articles; | |
SITC 659—Floor coverings. | |
SITC 84 Clothing | SITC 841—Clothing except fur clothing; |
SITC 842—Fur clothing and article of artificial clothing; | |
SITC 843—Women’s, girls’ and infants’ outerwear, textile, not knitted or crocheted; | |
SITC 844—Undergarments of textile fabrics, not knitted or crocheted; | |
SITC 845—Outerwear knitted or crocheted, not elastic nor rubberized; | |
SITC 846—Undergarments, knitted or crocheted; | |
SITC 847—Clothing accessories made of textile fabrics; | |
SITC 848—Articles of apparel, clothing accessories of leather. |
Variables | Impact Countries | Constant | R2 | Observations | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SITC 26 | |||||||||
Sector 1. Silk | China | 0.208 ** (2.49) | −0.011 *** (3.05) | 0.189 * (1.75) | −0.025 (0.28) | 0.026 (0.34) | 0.335 | 17 | |
India | 0.849 *** (3.48) | −0.247 *** (3.81) | −0.325 (1.05) | 0.111 (0.41) | 0.355 (1.58) | 0.661 | 17 | ||
Sector 2. Wool and other animal hair | China | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
India | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ||
Sector 3. Cotton | China | 2.829 *** (7.44) | −0.062 *** (3.14) | −0.047 (0.10) | −0.40 (1.01) | −0.105 (0.30) | 0.332 | 16 | |
India | 1.897 *** (5.11) | −2.760 *** (4.05) | 0.172 (0.38) | −0.425 (1.01) | −0.541 (1.64) | 0.544 | 16 | ||
Sector 4. Jute | China | 1.464 *** (5.72) | −0.061 *** (3.20) | 0.670 * (1.94) | 0.044 (0.16) | −0.452 * (1.88) | 0.363 | 16 | |
India | 0.871 (2.63) | −0.804 *** (3.39) | −0.026 (0.07) | 0.201 (0.70) | −0.141 (0.60) | 0.264 | 16 | ||
Sector 5. Vegetable fabrics, except cotton and jute | China | 2.104 *** (10.81) | −0.266 *** (2.89) | −0.322 *** (3.17) | −0.078 (0.91) | −0.566 *** (7.05) | 0.923 | 16 | |
India | 1.346 *** (6.24) | −1.484 *** (3.12) | −0.401 *** (2.47) | 0.096 (0.73) | −0.239 (1.18) | 0.920 | 16 | ||
Sector 6. Synthetic and regenerated artificial fabrics | China | 1.452 *** (5.76) | −0.594 *** (2.70) | −0.137 (0.33) | −0.049 (0.59) | −0.526 (7.86) | 0.954 | 16 | |
India | 1.858 *** (11.18) | −3.116 *** (3.87) | −0.361 ** (2.19) | 0.063 (0.48) | −0.471 *** (4.20) | 0.821 | 16 | ||
Sector 7. Waste materials from textile fabrics | China | 1.625 *** (4.89) | −3.746 *** (2.44) | 0.099 (0.42) | 0.151 (0.80) | −0.963 *** (3.22) | 0.927 | 16 | |
India | 3.450 *** (5.07) | −2.141 *** (3.99) | 0.902 (1.15) | 0.387 (0.68) | −2.17 ** (2.00) | 0.641 | 16 | ||
Sector 8. Wool and other animal hair | China | 1.188 *** (8.76) | −0.304 *** (5.29) | −0.079 (0.80) | 0.040 (0.39) | −0.206 *** (2.59) | 0.480 | 16 | |
India | 5.244 *** (16.29) | −2.033 *** (6.42) | −1.831 *** (4.14) | 0.053 (0.13) | −1.856 *** (6.07) | 0.930 | 16 | ||
Sector 9. Old clothing and other old textiles | China | −0.206 *** (2.59) | −0.304 *** (2.24) | −0.079 (0.80) | 0.040 (0.39) | −0.206 ** (2.59) | 0.727 | 16 | |
India | 3.669 *** (4.87) | −0.457 *** (3.66) | −1.725 ** (3.07) | −0.017 (0.10) | −0.246 (1.45) | 0.895 | 16 |
Variables | Impact Countries | Constant | R2 | Obs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SITC 65 | |||||||||
Sector 1. Textile yarn | China | 1.346 *** (5.31) | −1.535 *** (2.66) | −0.354 *** (2.55) | 0.039 (0.25) | −0.534 *** (4.84) | 0.898 | 16 | |
India | 1.772 *** (7.44) | −1.650 *** (3.87) | −0.085 (0.81) | −0.209 (1.21) | −0.298 (1.72) | 0.907 | 16 | ||
Sector 2. Cotton fabrics woven | China | 0.813 *** (11.4) | −2.897 *** (3.12) | −0.129 * (1.85) | −0.097 (1.27) | −0.435 *** (7.80) | 0.907 | 15 | |
India | 1.356 *** (4.29) | −0.722 *** (3.55) | 0.067 (0.83) | 0.053 (0.59) | −0.074 (1.19) | 0.705 | 16 | ||
Sector 3. Fabrics woven of man-made textile materials | China | 1.014 *** (11.29) | −1.061 ** (2.33) | −0.121 * (1.79) | 0.094 (1.43) | −0.405 *** (7.58) | 0.950 | 16 | |
India | 1.376 *** (6.21) | −4.45 *** (3.54) | −0.293 *** (2.39) | 0.362 *** (2.83) | 1.019 (2.27) | 0.938 | 16 | ||
Sector 4. Other textile fabrics woven | China | 0.950 *** (15.43) | −1.128 *** (2.99) | 0.088 (1.08) | 0.012 (0.20) | −0.109 ** (2.13) | 0.924 | 16 | |
India | 0.568 *** (4.74) | −0.949 ** (2.32) | −0.080 (1.28) | 0.019 (0.26) | 0.148 *** (3.21) | 0.795 | 16 | ||
Sector 5. Knitted or crocheted fabrics | China | 2.462 *** (18.85) | −3.387 *** (3.54) | −0.889 *** (6.66) | 0.215 (1.84) | −0.619 *** (5.68) | 0.956 | 16 | |
India | 2.98 *** (18.17) | −0.176 ** (2.19) | −0.251 (1.36) | −0.138 (0.68) | −1.133 *** (6.30) | 0.923 | 16 | ||
Sector 6. Tulle, lace, embroidery, ribbons, etc. | China | 0.746 *** (12.78) | −0.984 *** (6.03) | −0.043 (0.83) | −0.069 ** (1.97) | −0.201 *** (7.62) | 0.984 | 16 | |
India | 1.438 *** (58.96) | −0.657 *** (3.08) | 0.056 (1.20) | 0.045 (1.21) | −0.044 (1.37) | 0.843 | 16 | ||
Sector 7. Special yarn and related products | China | 0.972 *** (47.52) | −0.460 *** (2.88) | −0.560 (1.56) | −0.114 *** (16.98) | −0.109 *** (2.72) | 0.997 | 16 | |
India | 2.581 *** (2.05) | −4.012 *** (3.56) | 1.353 (1.03) | −0.137 ** (2.24) | −0.112 *** (1.21) | 0.866 | 16 | ||
Sector 8. Made up articles | China | 0.436 *** (6.37) | −2.149 *** (2.63) | 0.040 (0.53) | −0.015 (0.43) | −0.150 *** (6.83) | 0.954 | 16 | |
India | 0.962 *** (10.06) | −0.247 *** (3.20) | 0.004 (0.04) | 0.037 (0.42) | −0.104 (1.51) | 0.864 | 16 | ||
Sector 9. Flooring coverings, etc. | China | 1.48 ** (2.22) | −1.165 *** (3.98) | −0.169 (1.16) | 0.051 (0.90) | −0.440 (1.38) | 0.796 | 16 | |
India | 0.666 *** (19.79) | −0.179 ** (2.45) | −0.044 (2.08) | −0.022 (0.89) | −0.028 (1.36) | 0.791 | 16 |
Variables | Impact Countries | Constant | R2 | Obs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SITC 84 | |||||||||
Sector 1. Clothing except fur clothing; | China | 1.189 *** (17.49) | −1.388 *** (3.85) | −0.130 (1.91) | 0.015 (0.27) | −0.469 *** (8.16) | 0.933 | 16 | |
India | 1.518 ** (28.94) | −0.272 *** (3.79) | −0.078 (1.91) | −0.021 (0.61) | 0.080 *** (2.51) | 0.742 | 16 | ||
Sector 2. Fur clothing & articles of artificial clothing; | China | 0.645 ** (7.06) | −0.745 *** (3.72) | 0.012 (0.19) | −0.062 (1.46) | −0.270 *** (4.61) | 0.950 | 16 | |
India | 1.278 ** (46.96) | −0.276 *** (2.97) | −0.022 (0.81) | −0.005 (0.16) | −0.037 (1.28) | 0.643 | 16 | ||
Sector 3. Women’s, girls’ and infants’ outerwear, etc. | China | 1.738 ** (6.05) | −0.308 ** (2.47) | −0.158 (1.34) | −0.064 (0.47) | −0.704 *** (5.38) | 0.936 | 16 | |
India | 1.040 ** (6.58) | −0.544 *** (2.76) | −0.115 (1.24) | −0.074 (1.02) | 0.160 *** (2.36) | 0.510 | 16 | ||
Sector 4. Undergarments of textile fabrics, not knitted or crocheted; | China | 2.207 ** (5.70) | −1.433 ** (2.27) | −0.241 *** (2.71) | −0.055 (0.54) | −0.401 *** (3.33) | 0.954 | 16 | |
India | 2.540 ** (21.43) | −1.047 *** (4.55) | 0.067 (1.08) | −0.016 (0.11) | −0.078 (1.19) | 0.960 | 16 | ||
Sector 5. Outerwear knitted or crocheted, not elastic nor rubberized; | China | 0.954 ** (11.63) | −0.447 *** (3.97) | −0.084 (1.07) | −0.014 (0.27) | −0.371 *** (8.11) | 0.919 | 16 | |
India | 1.686 ** (42.01) | −0.063 *** (3.22) | 0.002 (0.02) | 0.018 (0.48) | 0.218 *** (7.61) | 0.883 | 16 | ||
Sector 6. Undergarments, knitted or crocheted; | China | 0.795 ** (14.16) | −1.964 *** (2.81) | −0.332 *** (3.96) | 0.083 (1.25) | −0.209 *** (3.42) | 0.887 | 16 | |
India | 1.905 ** (28.60) | −0.868 *** (4.71) | 0.031 (0.70) | −0.186 *** (1.04) | 0.084 *** (2.80) | 0.819 | 16 | ||
Sector 7. Clothing accessories of textile fabrics; | China | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
India | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ||
Sector 8. Article s of apparel, clothing accessories of leather. | China | 0.237 ** (2.43) | −0.607 *** (3.08) | −0.048 *** (3.50) | −0.043 (0.18) | −0.023 (1.02) | 0.938 | 16 | |
India | 1.103 ** (3.06) | −0.912 *** (4.20) | 0.178 *** (7.99) | −0.016 (0.87) | 0.131 *** (4.89) | 0.979 | 16 |
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Xu, J.; Liu, Y.; Yang, L. A Comparative Study of the Role of China and India in Sustainable Textile Competition in the U.S. Market under Green Trade Barriers. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1348. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051348
Xu J, Liu Y, Yang L. A Comparative Study of the Role of China and India in Sustainable Textile Competition in the U.S. Market under Green Trade Barriers. Sustainability. 2018; 10(5):1348. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051348
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Junqian, Yong Liu, and Liling Yang. 2018. "A Comparative Study of the Role of China and India in Sustainable Textile Competition in the U.S. Market under Green Trade Barriers" Sustainability 10, no. 5: 1348. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051348