Development of a Building Occupant Survey System with 3D Spatial Information
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- From one-off to continuing;
- From high-level to detailed;
- From researchers-oriented to owners/occupants-oriented;
- From academia to industry;
- From independent to integrated.
- The ability to conduct replicable and repeated occupant surveys in the same building. A sustainable POE with aggregated data could help identify the reasons for dissatisfaction that otherwise cannot be fully explained the first time. In this regard, a new system is required to design an integrated database.
- The ability to decipher the meaning of survey responses from broad aspects to in-depth details. For instance, the average satisfaction level of the occupants can be analyzed from the entire building level to detailed end-user patterns.
- The ability to practically develop the actual system to reflect the owner/occupant-oriented perspectives as well as the researcher-oriented perspective.
- The findings of the POE are often displayed in the form of technical figures and charts in a report or paper. Nonprofessionals, such as building owners and occupants, should be able to understand the building’s performance from the figures and charts. Multidimensional displays can improve the understanding of spatial distributions [42]. In this regard, GIS tools could be a great solution to visualize the occupant feedback and display the spatial analysis of the building on maps. Thus, it makes it easier to link diverse stakeholders from academia to industry. In other words, the industry as well as academic researchers can play an important role in driving the development and implementation of POE through data visualization.
- The new comprehensive system, involving related stakeholders, helps POE activity to be integrated into a cost-efficient building performance evaluation scheme.
- To enhance the flexibility of survey options, such as criteria, items, and categories, an easily changeable survey module with various open sources should be developed and integrated into the survey tool.
2. Development of an Open-Source-Based Online Platform, K-BOSS
2.1. Integration of Open Data from the Korean Government
2.2. Spatial Information Collection
2.3. System Working Process and Functions
- Survey creation function. This function is accessed by survey designers (researchers, facility managers, building owners, etc.). After logging in, the surveyor selects the building to be surveyed and then creates and distributes the questionnaires. The building to be surveyed is selected from the GIS building-integrated information provided by the National Spatial Data Infrastructure Portal. The process of creating the questionnaires is similar to other survey schemes; the main difference is that this system requires the respondents to choose their location in the building in terms of geospatial information (latitude [x], longitude [y], and height [z]). Furthermore, the survey can be customized for various purposes using open-source libraries.
- Survey conduction function. This function is accessed by the survey respondents. A respondent accesses the distributed survey on the webpage and confirms the location and shape polygon of the building to be surveyed. First, the respondents type and choose the address of the building that they have occupied. Second, they choose their occupied location in the building by inputting the 3D spatial information [x, y, z] in the shape polygon of the building. After this process, the occupant satisfaction survey of their location commences. The final responses and location information completed and submitted by the respondents are saved in the database.
- Visualization function. This function is accessed by the surveyor and respondents. To create a 3D visualization of the collected dataset, a free editable map, OpenStreetMap (OSM), and OSM Buildings (3D building geometry data based on OSM), and API are used for the online map. In addition, the Indoor3D API is used for the 3D space. OSM Buildings and Indoor3D are open sources that provide a form that can be viewed directly in a web browser without having to install any program to express 3D visualization. The data from the response database are displayed in the dashboard, as shown in Figure 4. The dashboard service shows a building from a list of buildings on which the survey was conducted and detailed information on the buildings. In this figure, “User ID” means the K-BOSS’s user’s ID. “Survey ID means unique identification number in the survey and “Building ID” means the number of the state, city, and town and unique building number. Additionally, “Responses No” means the number of responses and “Details” shows the details of survey results. Furthermore, the dashboard displays the state of the surveyed buildings nationwide on a web-based GIS map and allows the entire list of buildings to be downloaded to Excel. Building ID on the dashboard means building register code in the GIS building-integrated information.
2.4. User-Friendly Functions of K-BOSS
- Q&A: the Q&A bulletin board is for questions and answers on how to use the system between different users and between users and administrators. Anyone can register inquiries and answers regardless of membership registration. There is a button on the top right of the system. Questions and answers are documented through the Q&A bulletin board for other mid-term users and long-term users.
- Live chat: although the Q&A bulletin board has a history management function in the long term, a live chat function is also applied to respond to immediate questions. Clicking the button at the lower-right corner of the site opens the chat window and allows users to chat with the administrator in real time. Through the live chat, a user can have a one-on-one conversation with the administrator in the system. If users leave inquiries in the chat window, administrators can view and respond to the chats not only on the web page but also on the mobile app. Anyone can enter a live chat without membership. This live chat function is developed as an open source.
- User manual: an instruction video and a document manual have been added to the first main page of the system. The function of selecting the location in a building based on the GIS map provided by K-BOSS is a new concept, so users may find it initially difficult to use this function. Therefore, three video manuals are provided: “Selecting the location and number of floors in my building”, “Checking my building on a GIS satellite map”, and “Registering photo information” so that users can conveniently use the system. In addition, the system is used by the building managers as well as the occupants, so a manual for the administrators is added.
- Mobile accessibility: the web-based survey system is not only used on the web but is also linked to a mobile application in order to have the expandability to conveniently participate in the survey anytime, anywhere. By clicking the messenger icon at the bottom right of the first webpage, a user can share the page via a messenger application. Users with whom it is shared can access K-BOSS and conduct surveys by clicking on the shared link in the messenger application.
- Interactive user guide design: the system has an interactive user guide design based on Intro.js, an open source that allows web and mobile developers to easily build a step-by-step introduction. This open source is small, which is suitable for cost-effective systems. When clicking on the question mark in each description, it highlights parts of the system as a guide.
2.5. Survey System Open Source and API Interaction Function
3. Pilot Test
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Organization | Data | Description |
---|---|---|
Spatial Information Industry Promotion Institute’s V-World website | Address and Location searching APIs | When a user enters and searches an address in the system, a list of addresses corresponding to the search term is displayed on the screen. |
Background Map | The background map image is in the form of a tile map | |
Road Name Address Building API | Building information provided by V-World; The system searches for the building information selected by the user. The polygon shape of each building is obtained, so it is displayed on the map. | |
National Spatial Data Infrastructure Portal | GIS building-integrated information |
USER API | RESPONSE API | ||
---|---|---|---|
Column Name | Description | Column Name | Description |
(ID) | (Table Primary Key) | (ID) | (Table Primary Key) |
user_login | User ID | m_id | Survey ID (ID of survey table) |
user_pass | User Password | m_type | Survey form (form of survey table) |
user_name | Username | ip | Survey respondent’s IP address |
user_email | User Email Address | details | Survey response history-questions and answers |
user_url | User Homepage Address | info | Survey respondent’s web browser UserAgent information |
user_registered | User Registration Time | created_date | Survey participation time |
BUILDING API | |
---|---|
Column Name | Description |
GIS_IDNTFC_NO | GIS building-integrated identification number |
SHAPE | Vector file structure used to store the location and attribute information of the points, lines, and faces |
SRC_OBJECTID | Raw Figure ID of the continuous cadastral map defined in open DB |
PNU | Parcel Serial Number |
LD_CPSG_CODE | Administrative district code where the land is located |
MNNM | Identification value of the land (first section number) |
SLNO | Identification value of the land (second section number) |
REGSTR_SE_CODE | Special land code |
BULD_PRPOS_CODE | Building use code |
STRCT_CODE | Building structure code |
AR | Building area |
USE_CONFM_DE | Building use approval date |
TOTAR | Total floor area |
PLOT_AR | Land area |
HG | Height |
BTL_RT | Building-to-land ratio |
MEASRMT_RT | Floor area ratio |
BULD_IDNTFC_NO | Unique Building Identification number |
VIOLT_BILD | Violation of the building |
REFRN_SYSTM_CNTC_NO | Reference system linkage key |
LAST_UPDT_DT | Database date |
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Lee, J.-W.; Kim, D.-W.; Lee, S.-E.; Jeong, J.-W. Development of a Building Occupant Survey System with 3D Spatial Information. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9943. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239943
Lee J-W, Kim D-W, Lee S-E, Jeong J-W. Development of a Building Occupant Survey System with 3D Spatial Information. Sustainability. 2020; 12(23):9943. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239943
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Jong-Won, Deuk-Woo Kim, Seung-Eon Lee, and Jae-Weon Jeong. 2020. "Development of a Building Occupant Survey System with 3D Spatial Information" Sustainability 12, no. 23: 9943. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239943