Quantifying the Effects of Biochar Application on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agricultural Soils: A Global Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Sources
2.2. Database Building
2.3. Meta-Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Site Distribution and Characteristics of Soil GHG Emissions and Yield
3.2. Effects of Management, Biochar Characteristics, and Soil Properties on GHG Emissions
3.3. Responses of GWP, GHGI, and Yield to Biochar Application
4. Discussion
4.1. Biochar Effect on Soil GHG Emissions for Varying Management Strategies
4.2. Biochar Effects on Soil GHG Emissions for Varying Biochar Characteristics
4.3. Biochar Effect on Soil GHG Emissions for Varying Soil Properties
4.4. Effects of Biochar Application on GWP, GHGI, and Yield
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Acronyms and Abbreviations
GHG | greenhouse gas |
CH4 | methane |
N2O | nitrous oxide |
CO2 | carbon dioxide |
GWP | global warming potential |
GHGI | greenhouse gas emission intensity |
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CH4 (kg C ha−1 d−1) | CO2 (kg C ha−1 d−1) | N2O (kg N ha−1 d−1) | Yield (Mg ha−1) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment | CK | Treatment | CK | Treatment | CK | Treatment | CK | |
No. | 204 | 80 | 194 | 79 | 444 | 171 | 564 | 177 |
Mean | 0.20a | 0.17b | 78a | 65a | 0.04b | 0.06a | 22a | 17b |
SE | 0.07 | 0.03 | 3.78 | 4.34 | 0.1 | 0.01 | 1.46 | 1.98 |
Skewness | 3.02 | 4.4 | 3.18 | 3.34 | 1.7 | 2.12 | 4.23 | 4.52 |
Kurtosis | 10 | 28 | 11 | 12 | 2.43 | 6.32 | 26 | 27 |
Minimum | −0.05 | −0.07 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.02 |
Maximum | 3.89 | 3.65 | 532 | 356 | 0.41 | 0.59 | 477 | 357 |
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Zhang, Q.; Xiao, J.; Xue, J.; Zhang, L. Quantifying the Effects of Biochar Application on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agricultural Soils: A Global Meta-Analysis. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3436. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083436
Zhang Q, Xiao J, Xue J, Zhang L. Quantifying the Effects of Biochar Application on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agricultural Soils: A Global Meta-Analysis. Sustainability. 2020; 12(8):3436. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083436
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Qi, Jing Xiao, Jianhui Xue, and Lang Zhang. 2020. "Quantifying the Effects of Biochar Application on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agricultural Soils: A Global Meta-Analysis" Sustainability 12, no. 8: 3436. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083436