Evolutionary Characteristics of Industrial Parks from a Carbon Neutrality Perspective
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Methods and Data Sources
2.2. Calculation Method of Connectance
3. Evolutionary Characteristics of IPs Based on the Kalundborg EIP Case
3.1. Evolutionary Characteristics from Spontaneous to Conscious
3.2. Comparison of the Different Stages
4. Evolutionary Characteristics of IPs at the National Level
4.1. Evolutionary Characteristics of Chinese IPs
4.2. Evolutionary Characteristics of South Korean IPs
5. Discussion
5.1. Driving Factors
5.2. Principles for IPs’ Low-Carbon Development
5.3. Research Limitations
6. Conclusions and Recommendations
6.1. Conclusions
- (1)
- At both the IP level and the national level, the IP evolutionary characteristics were spontaneous and conscious in terms of carbon neutrality.
- (2)
- Compared with the spontaneous stage, the enterprise connectance and enterprise repetitive connectance in IPs during the conscious stage were significantly higher, and the enterprise repetitive connectance more clearly showed the number of actual substances and energy exchanges.
- (3)
- In the spontaneous stage, the primary driving factors of carbon reduction measures were resource demand, cost reductions, and economic development, whereas in the conscious stage, the primary driving factors were environmental protection policies and standards, national and regional development plans, and the enterprises’ sense of social responsibility.
6.2. Recommendations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sun, Y.; Zhang, S.; Li, Y.; Ning, J.; Liu, F.; Feng, Z.; Fu, H. Evolutionary Characteristics of Industrial Parks from a Carbon Neutrality Perspective. Sustainability 2024, 16, 6065. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16146065
Sun Y, Zhang S, Li Y, Ning J, Liu F, Feng Z, Fu H. Evolutionary Characteristics of Industrial Parks from a Carbon Neutrality Perspective. Sustainability. 2024; 16(14):6065. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16146065
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Yuheng, Shaokang Zhang, Yuanhang Li, Jun Ning, Fangtao Liu, Zhengyuan Feng, and Hang Fu. 2024. "Evolutionary Characteristics of Industrial Parks from a Carbon Neutrality Perspective" Sustainability 16, no. 14: 6065. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16146065