Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Spatial Plans: A Spanish Case Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Conceptualising Evaluation and Monitoring Framework
3. Spatial Planning in Spain
4. Methodology
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Monitoring Commissions, Reports, and Indicators
5.2. Public Consultation
5.3. Strategic Environmental Assessment for Spatial Plans
5.4. Territorial Observatories
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Qualitative Interviews: Basic Structured Questionnaire |
---|
Were the periodical monitoring reports drafted, as established by the spatial plans basic management mechanisms? |
How do the spatial planning commissions operate? |
How are the information systems and the territorial observatories aimed at evaluating spatial planning, operating? |
Do you have indicators or other formal/informal mechanisms in place to evaluate the plans’ objectives in practice, as required by law? |
Do the mechanisms or indicators defined in spatial plans involve any kind of responsibility or commitment? By whom? |
How useful is, in practical terms, the strategic environmental evaluation and monitoring mechanism, established by law in all spatial plans (Directive 2001/42/CE)? |
Do public participation projects exist for the evaluation, monitoring, and management of plans? What procedure is used or envisaged? |
What mechanisms are used for inter-administrative coordination and cooperation on this matter? How do they operate? |
How did the economic crisis affect this? Do budget cuts negatively affect evaluation, monitoring and management of spatial plans? |
Have other mechanisms for the evaluation, monitoring and management of spatial plans been envisaged? What improvements can be made in this field? |
Other general considerations or references that the interviewee would like to add: |
Appendix B
Region | Spatial Planning Laws (Latest Modification or Amended Versions) | Year (Law still Currently in Force) | Provisions for Evaluation, Monitoring, and Review of Spatial Plans |
---|---|---|---|
Andalusia | - Law 1/1994 on Spatial Planning in Andalusia (11/01/1994). (Amended in 2016) | 1994 BOJA * 22-1-1994 | - Criteria for the timeline and drafting of the management report (Art. 7) |
- Provisions for monitoring and implementation (Art. 7, 11 and 43) | |||
- District commissions for drafting and monitoring (Art. 8 y 13) | |||
- Public consultation (2 months) (Art. 8, 13 and 44) | |||
- Spatial Information System (Art. 33) | |||
Aragon | - Regional Decree 2/2015 approving the consolidated text of the Law on Spatial Planning in Aragon (17/11/2015). (Amended in 2017) | 2015 BOA * 20-11-2015 | - Spatial management instruments (Art. 5) |
- Evaluation and monitoring indicators and indexes (Art. 18) | |||
- Public consultation (2 months) (Art. 19) | |||
- Environmental evaluation and monitoring procedures (Art.19) | |||
- Provisions for modification and review instruments (Art. 20) | |||
- Spatial information systems (Art. 55) | |||
- Spatial indicators system for evaluation and monitoring (Art. 56) | |||
- Spatial Data Infrastructure (Art. 57) | |||
Asturia | - Regional Decree 1/2004 approving the consolidated text of the legal provisions on spatial and urban planning (22/04/2004). (Amended in 2010) | 2004 BOPA * 27-4-2004 | - Public consultation (Art. 7) |
- Principles of inter-administrative cooperation and coordination (Art. 14–16) | |||
- Provisions for regional and sub-regional guidelines (Art. 31) | |||
Balearic Islands | - Law 14/2000 on Spatial Planning (21 /12/2000). (Amended in 2012) | 2000 BOIB * 27-12-2000 | - Spatial Policy Coordination Commission (Art. 4) |
- Public consultation (2 months) (Art. 7 and 10) | |||
- Provisions for modification and review instruments (Art. 7 and 10) | |||
Canary Islands | - Regional Decree 1/2000 approving the consolidated texts of the Spatial Planning Law and the Natural Sites Law of the Canary Islands (08/05/2017). (Amended in 2015) | 2000 BOC * 15-5-2000 | - Public and citizen participation principles (Art. 4 and 8) |
- General principles and the duty of administrative cooperation (Art. 4 and 10) | |||
- Strategic environmental assessment (Art. 16) | |||
- Public consultation (2 to 4 months) (Art. 20) | |||
- Provisions for modification and review instruments (Art. 20) | |||
Cantabria | - Regional Law 2/2001 on Spatial Planning and Urban Land Classification systems in Cantabria (25/06/2001). (Amended in 2016) | 2001 BOC * 4-7-2001 | - Duty of inter-administrative collaboration (Art. 8) |
- Carrying capacity (Art. 12) | |||
- Definition of information systems (Art. 12) | |||
- Provisions for modification and review instruments (Art. 15 and 16) | |||
- Public consultation (Art. 16) | |||
Castile La Mancha | - Regional Decree 1/2010 approving the consolidated text of the Spatial Planning and Urban Development (18/05/2010). (Amended in 2016) | 2010 DOCM * 21-5-2010 | - Duty of inter-administrative coordination (Art. 10 and 11) |
Castile and Leon | - Law 10/1998 on Spatial Planning in the Castile Leon region (05/12/1998). (Amended in 2014) | 1998 BOCyL * 10-12-1998 | - Social participation (Art. 4) |
- Environmental report (Art. 11, amended in 2010) | |||
- Public consultation (45 days) (Art. 12 and 18) | |||
- Monitoring, review, modification (Art. 13 and 19) | |||
- Strategic environmental assessment (Art. 17) | |||
Catalonia | - Law 23/1983 on spatial policies in Catalonia (21/11/1983). (Amended in 2010) | 1983 DOGC * 30-11-1983 | - Spatial Policy Coordination Commission (Art. 8), current Spatial Policy and Urban Development Commission (amended in 2012) |
- Provisions for modification and review (Art. 15) | |||
Extremadura | - Law 15/2001 on Land and Spatial Planning in Extremadura (14/12/2001). (Amended in 2015) | 2002 DOE * 3-1-2002 | - Inter-administrative collaboration (Art. 3) |
- Public participation (Art. 7) | |||
- Environmental assessment (amended in 2015) | |||
Galicia | - Law 10/1995) on Spatial Planning in Galicia (23/11/1995. (Amended in 2016)- Law 6/2007 on urgent measures in the field of Spatial Planning and Coastal Management in Galicia (11/05/2007). (Amended in 2016) | 2007 DOG * 16-05-2007 | - Public Hearing and consultation (2 months) (Art. 10 and 15) |
- Annual control report (Art. 11) | |||
- Coordinated Action Plans (Art. 18) | |||
- Environmental assessment (Law 6/2007) | |||
- Spatial Studies Institute (Art. 31) (Law 6/2007, approved in 2011) | |||
Madrid | - Law 9/1995 on measures for land, urban and spatial planning in the region of Madrid (28/03/1995). (Amended in 2014) | 1995 BOCM * 11-04-1995 | - Administrative consultation (Art. 6) |
- Commission for Spatial Concerted Action (Art. 7, derogated in 2010) | |||
- Public consultation (2 months) (Art. 18) | |||
- Provisions for modification and review (Art. 18) | |||
Murcia | - Law 13/2015 on spatial and urban planning in the region of Murcia (30/03/2015). | 2015 BORM * 6-4-2015 | - Annual monitoring report on urban development (Art. 11) |
- Public participation (Art. 12) | |||
- Spatial Policy Coordination Commission (Art. 15) | |||
- Administrative coordination (Art. 18) | |||
- Spatial Reference System (Art. 21 and 37–39) | |||
- Environmental Assessment (Art. 24, 26 y 69) | |||
- Public consultation (2 months) (Art. 70) | |||
- Review, adaptation and modification (Art. 171–174) | |||
Navarre | - Regional Law 35/2002 on Spatial and Urban Planning in Navarre (20/12/2002). (Amended in 2015) | 2002 BON * 27-12-2002 | - Public participation plan (20 days) (Art. 7) |
- Spatial Planning Commission (Art. 14) | |||
- Spatial Policy Social Council (Art. 15) | |||
- Inter-administrative coordination and cooperation (Art. 17–19) | |||
- Environmental Assessment (Art. 30) | |||
- Provisions for compliance: spatial monitoring indicators (Art. 32) | |||
- Review, modification and updating (Art. 35 y 37) | |||
Basque Country | - Law 4/1990 on Spatial Planning in the Basque Country (31/05/1990). (Amended in 2003) | 1990 BOPV * 3-7-1990 | - Ensures permanent adaptation of spatial planning instruments (Art. 6) |
- Public Hearing and consultation (2 months) (Art. 10 y 13) | |||
- Provisions for modification and review of instruments (Art. 10) | |||
- Coordination body: Spatial Planning Commission for the Basque Country (Art. 28) | |||
- Participation bodies. Spatial Policy Advisory Council for the Basque Country (Art. 30) | |||
Rioja | - Law 5/2006 on Spatial and Urban Planning in La Rioja region (02/05/2006). (Amended in 2015) | 2006 BOR * 4-5-2006 | - Inter-administrative coordination (Art. 8) |
- Public participation (Art. 10) | |||
- Provisions for compliance: spatial monitoring indicators (3 months) (Art. 20) | |||
- Environmental assessment (Art. 20) | |||
- Monitoring reports (every 5 years) (Art. 21) | |||
- Provisions for the modification and review of instruments (Art. 21) | |||
Valencia | - Law 5/2014 on Spatial, Urban and Landscape Planning in the Valencia region (25/07/2014). (Amended in 2017) | 2014 DOCV * 31-7-2014 | - Cooperation and coordination: spatial governance schemes (Art. 15 and 16) |
- Strategies and actions to achieve the objectives (Art. 16) | |||
- Joint environmental and strategic spatial assessment (Art. 16, 47–56) | |||
- Public participation (Art. 53) | |||
- Provisions for modification and review of instruments (Art. 56) |
Appendix C
Initial Strategic Document and Strategic Environmental Study (Regular Procedure) | Strategic Environmental Document (Simplified Procedure) |
---|---|
|
|
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Aspects | Evaluation | Monitoring |
---|---|---|
Purpose | Accountability, information, improvement of the design and implementation of the plan | To ensure that what is planned and regulated is actually enforced |
When it is performed | Before, during, and after implementation of the plan | During implementation of the plan |
Who performs it | External or internal evaluators | Team in charge of the plan |
Content of the process | Assess relevance, usefulness, effectiveness and efficiency | Measure the performance and results |
Aim of the process | Assess the adequacy of the plan | Correct deviations |
Notion of public action | Allows questioning the plan | Does not question the plan |
Profile of Interviewees | Andalusia | Valencia |
---|---|---|
Technical staff (public administration) | 1 | 3 |
Professionals | 1 | 1 |
Academics | 3 | 2 |
Policy makers | 3 | 1 |
Provisions | Number of Times Mentioned (Maximum of 15 Regional Laws) | Comments |
---|---|---|
Monitoring commission | 7 | Body in charge of monitoring the plan. |
Monitoring and management reports | 12 | Provisions for the monitoring, modification and review of the plan, but with no detailed reference to the specific contents of the report. |
Monitoring and management indicators | 3 | Evaluation and monitoring indicators are only briefly mentioned in the regional laws. |
Public consultation and participation | 15 | Only in 6 cases is the issue of public participation mentioned and only in two cases a public participation project is mentioned. In the other cases, a public consultation period of only two months is mentioned. |
Provisions for Strategic Environmental Assessment | 15 | All regional laws must transpose the SEA Directive (2001/42/CE) and the latest amendments of the laws do transpose it. |
Territorial Observatories and/or Spatial Information Systems | 4 | Only four territorial observatories and/or Spatial Information Systems are mentioned in regional spatial planning laws. Evaluation and monitoring indicators are only briefly mentioned in the laws. In many cases it is the regional spatial plans that prescribe their creation. |
Procedure | Document Submitted by the Project Manager | Administrative Resolution |
---|---|---|
STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (regular procedure) Title II, Chapter 1, Section 1 | Initial Strategic Document along with the Draft Plan | Scope statement, along with a public consultation period |
Strategic Environmental Study along with public participation | Strategic Environmental Report along with a public consultation period, once the required environmental report has been approved | |
STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (simplified procedure) Title II, Chapter 1, Section 2 | Initial Strategic Document along with the Draft Plan | Strategic Environmental Report along with a period of public consultation |
Region | Regional Spatial Planning Law (Year) | Territorial Observatory |
---|---|---|
Andalusia | 1994 | - Territorial Observatory of Andalusia |
- Spatial Information System for Andalusia (SDI) | ||
Aragon | 2009 | - Spatial Information Documentation Centre |
- Spatial Information System for Aragon (SDI) | ||
Asturias | 2004 | * Sustainability Observatory of Asturias (OSE) |
Balearic Islands | 2000 | * Spatial Development and Sustainability Observatory (OSE) |
Canary Islands | 2000 | - Permanent Sustainable Development Observatory |
- Observatory on Telecommunications and Information Society | ||
Cantabria | 2001 | * Geographical Information System for Cantabria (SDI) |
Castile and Leon | 1998 | * Spatial Information System of Castile Leon (SDI) |
Castile-La Mancha | 2010 | * Information System of Castile La Mancha (SDI) |
Catalonia | 1983 | * Landscape Observatory of Catalonia |
Valencia | 2004 | - Landscape and Spatial Studies Institute |
- Spatial Information System (SDI) | ||
Extremadura | 2002 | * Territorial Observatory Centre for the Alentejo Extremadura (SDI) |
Galicia | 1995 | - Spatial Studies Institute (law amended in 2007) |
- Spatial Information System for Galicia (SDI) | ||
Madrid | 1995 | |
Murcia | 2005 | - Spatial Reference System |
* Sustainability Observatory for the Murcia region (OSE) | ||
Navarre | 2002 | - Territorial Observatory of Navarre |
- Spatial Information System of Navarre (SDI) | ||
Basque Country | 1990 | * Spatial Information System of the Basque Country (SDI) |
La Rioja | 2006 |
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Segura, S.; Pedregal, B. Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Spatial Plans: A Spanish Case Study. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1706. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101706
Segura S, Pedregal B. Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Spatial Plans: A Spanish Case Study. Sustainability. 2017; 9(10):1706. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101706
Chicago/Turabian StyleSegura, Sergio, and Belen Pedregal. 2017. "Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Spatial Plans: A Spanish Case Study" Sustainability 9, no. 10: 1706. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101706