Novel Anti-Obesity Properties of Palmaria mollis in Zebrafish and Mouse Models
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals and Maintenance
2.2. Zebrafish Experiments
2.3. Measurements of Plasma TG, LDL-C, T-CHO, and Fasting Blood Glucose in Zebrafish
2.4. Oil Red O Staining of Zebrafish Liver
2.5. Insulin Resistance in INS-EGFP Zebrafish
2.6. Mice Experiment
2.7. Measurement of Liver Lipid in Mice
2.8. Computed Tomography
2.9. RNA Extraction, cDNA Synthesis, and Quantitative Real-Time PCR
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. PM Ameliorates Obese Phenotypes in Zebrafish (Experiment 1)
3.2. PM Suppresses Early Stage of Obese Development in Zebrafish (Experiment 2)
3.3. PM Ameliorates Obese Phenotypes in Mice
3.4. PM Effects on Gene Expressions Related to Lipid Metabolism in Liver Tissues
3.5. Different Transcriptional Responses in VAT between Zebrafish and Mice
4. Discussion
4.1. Anti-Obesity Mechanisms of PM in Zebrafish and Mice Models of Obesity
4.2. Possible Anti-Obesity Constituents in PM
4.3. A Perspective for Clinical Use of PM against Human Obesity
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nakayama, H.; Shimada, Y.; Zang, L.; Terasawa, M.; Nishiura, K.; Matsuda, K.; Toombs, C.; Langdon, C.; Nishimura, N. Novel Anti-Obesity Properties of Palmaria mollis in Zebrafish and Mouse Models. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1401. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101401
Nakayama H, Shimada Y, Zang L, Terasawa M, Nishiura K, Matsuda K, Toombs C, Langdon C, Nishimura N. Novel Anti-Obesity Properties of Palmaria mollis in Zebrafish and Mouse Models. Nutrients. 2018; 10(10):1401. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101401
Chicago/Turabian StyleNakayama, Hiroko, Yasuhito Shimada, Liqing Zang, Masahiro Terasawa, Kaoru Nishiura, Koichi Matsuda, Charles Toombs, Chris Langdon, and Norihiro Nishimura. 2018. "Novel Anti-Obesity Properties of Palmaria mollis in Zebrafish and Mouse Models" Nutrients 10, no. 10: 1401. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101401